Interlinear glossed text

NB081007-02_A

Recording date2008-10-07
Speaker age70
Speaker sexf
Text genrepersonal narrative
Extended corpusyes



Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
Translationwhat did you do there, and how did you get there, and what did you do there and what kind of people where there? can you tell a little bit?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
wat
wat
what
het
het
have
jy
jy
2SG.SBJ
daar
daar
there
gedoen,
ge-doen
PTCP-do
en
en
and
****
****
****
hoe
hoe
how
het
het
have
julle
julle
2PL
[daar
daar
there
****
****
****
daar]
daar
there
****
****
****
daarnatoe
daarnatoe
into.that.direction
****
****
****
getrek,
ge-trek
PTCP-move
****
****
****
en
en
and
****
****
****
wat
wat
what
het
het
have
julle
julle
2PL
daar
daar
there
gemaak,
ge-maak
PTCP-do
****
****
****
en
en
and
watse
watse
what.kind.of
mense
mens-e
person-PL
was
was
be.PST
daar,
daar
there
****
****
****
kan
kan
can
julle
julle
2PL
ʼn
ʼn
INDEF
bietjie
bietjie
a.bit
vertel,
vertel
tell
****
****
****
Translation

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ǂxoaa
ǂxoa-a
speak-IMP.SG
****
****
****
Translationspeak!

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ons
ons
1PL
het
het
have
daar
daar
there
net
net
only
dik
dik
thick
geëet
ge-eet
PTCP-eat
****
****
****
Translationwe only ate (ourselves) fat there

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ons
ons
1PL
het
het
have
daar
daar
there
niks
niks
nothing
gedoen
ge-doen
PTCP-do
daar
daar
there
nie
nie
NEG
,
Translationwe did not do anything there

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
maar
maar
but
****
****
****
Translationbut what did you eat there?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
wat
wat
what
het
het
have
julle
julle
2PL
geëet
ge-eet
PTCP-eat
daar,
daar
there
****
****
****
Translation

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
of
of
or
hoe
hoe
how
,
****
****
****
Translationisn't it?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
daardie
daardie
those
mense
mens-e
person-PL
het
het
have
mos
mos
indeed
,
ons
ons
1PL
het
het
have
mos
mos
indeed
ook
ook
also
nie
nie
NEG
storietjies
storie-tjie-s
story-DIM-PL
vertel
vertel
tell
,
****
****
****
Translationthose people just did, we did not even tell stories

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ons
ons
1PL
het
het
have
maar
maar
just
net
net
only
die
die
DEF
(...),
****
****
daardie
daardie
those
mense
mens-e
person-PL
(...),
****
****
Translationwe just did (...), those people (...)

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ons
ons
1PL
was
was
be.PST
mos
mos
indeed
Translationwe just went to the conference

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
net
net
only
konferensie
konferensie
conference
****
****
****
toe,
toe
towards
****
****
****
Translation

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
sa
sa
1PL.E.?
xa
xa
PST
mos
mos
just
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go.to
Bloemfontein
Bloemfontein
GN
,
si
si
1PL.E
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go.to
konferensie
konferensie
conference
,
****
****
****
Translationwe went to Bloemfontein, we go to a conference

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
xa
xa
PST
mos
mos
indeed
ǁʼng
ǁʼang
go.and
kxʼuu
kxʼuu
do
gao
gao
thing
ng
ng
OBL
tyoxoe
tyoxoe
there
,
****
****
****
Translationwe did not do anything there

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
sa
sa
1PL.E.?
xa
xa
PST
mos
mos
indeed
net
net
only
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go.to
,
si
si
1PL.E
ǁʼng
ǁʼang
go.and
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go.to
konferensie
konferensie
conference
,
****
****
****
Translationwe just went there, we go to the conference

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ja,
ja
yes
ons
ons
1PL
het
het
have
mos
mos
just
net
net
only
konferensie
konferensie
conference
toe
toe
towards
gegaan,
ge-gaan
PTCP-go
en
en
and
****
****
****
alleman
alleman
everybody
bymekaar
bymekaar
together
gekom,
ge-kom
PTCP-come
(...)
****
****
Translationyes, we just went to the conference, and we just came all together there, (...) nations

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
nasies,
nasie-s
nation-PL
ja
ja
yes
****
****
****
Translationyes

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
Translation

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ja
ja
yes
****
****
****
Translationyes

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
sa
sa
1PL.E.?
xa
xa
PST
ǁʼng
ǁʼang
go.and
xaoke
xao-ke
gather****
,
****
****
****
Translationwe came all together

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
TranslationKhoi people

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Khoi
Khoi
Khoi
mense,
mens-e
person-PL
****
****
****
Translation

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ng
ng
OBL
Bloemfontein
Bloemfontein
GN
****
****
****
Translationin Bloemfontein

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
sa
sa
1PL.E.?
xa
xa
PST
mos
mos
indeed
ǁʼng
ǁʼang
go.and
xaoke
xao-ke
gather****
ng
ng
OBL
tyoxoe
tyoxoe
there
,
****
****
****
Translationwe just came together there

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
maar
maar
but
si
si
1PL.E
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
xa
xa
PST
kxʼuua
kxʼuu-a
make-?ASP
gao
gao
thing
,
****
****
****
Translationbut we did not do anything

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
CONN
ǂee
ǂee
people
xa
xa
PST
net
net
only
ǃʼaia
ǃʼai-a
call-?ASP
ng
ng
1SG
,
****
****
****
Translationthe people called only me

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
2SG
si
si
IRR
ng
ng
****
ǁʼaa
ǁʼaa
go.to
Bloemfontein
Bloemfontein
GN
,
****
****
****
Translation****

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
hng
hng
3PL
ku
ku
QUOT
,
****
****
****
Translationthey say

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ng
ng
1SG
see
see
come
nya
na
1SG.?
ǂxoa
ǂxoa
speak
hnya
hna
3PL.DAT
i
i
?DAT
****
****
****
TranslationI must speak for them ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
Suǁoa
suǁoa
God
ǂxoa
ǂxoa
speak
,
****
****
****
Translationa prayer (lit.: the Lord's word)

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
ng
ng
1SG
mos
mos
indeed
net
net
only
xa
xa
PST
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
ng
ng
and
ǁʼng
ǁʼang
go.and
ǂxoa
ǂxoa
speak
,
****
****
****
TranslationI just went and prayed

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
hy
hy
3SG.SBJ
het
het
have
my
my
1SG.OBJ
net
net
only
geroep
ge-roep
PTCP-call
,
lat
laat
PURP
ek
ek
1SG.SBJ
op
op
on
die
die
DEF
Boesman
boesman
Bushman
taal
taal
language
loop
loop
walk
bid
bid
pray
,
****
****
****
Translationthey called me to go and pray in the Bushman language

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
is
is
be
mos
mos
indeed
,
****
****
****
Translationisn't it?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
in
in
in
Bloemfontein
Bloemfontein
GN
****
****
****
Translationin Bloemfontein

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
ǀxama
ǀxama
pray
****
****
****
Translationwe pray

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ek
ek
1SG.SBJ
en
en
and
Geelmeid
Geelmeid
PN
,
****
****
****
TranslationI and Geelmeid

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
Geelmeid
Geelmeid
PN
was
was
be.PST
die
die
DEF
tolker
tolker
interpreter
,
****
****
****
TranslationGeelmeid was the interpreter

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
of
of
or
hoe
hoe
how
,
****
****
****
Translationisn't it?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
si
si
1PL.E
ǀxama
ǀxama
pray
ng
ng
OBL
Bloemfontein
Bloemfontein
GN
,
****
****
****
Translationwe go and pray in Bloemfontein

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
ng
ng
1SG
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
,
ng
ng
1SG
ǀxama
ǀxama
pray
ng
ng
OBL
nǁngki
nǁng-ki
house-NOM
,
****
****
****
Translationthen I go and pray in the Bushman language

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
verder
verder
further
si
si
1PL.E
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
xa
xa
PST
kxʼuua
kxʼuu-a
make-?ASP
gao
gao
thing
ha
ha
3H.SG
ǂxuin
ǂxuin
ugly
,
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
nǀai
nǀai
see
,
ǂee
ǂee
people
****
****
****
Translationwe did not do anything else, that was ?funny, we see people ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
xa
xa
PST
xaoke
xao-ke
gather****
Translationcame together

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
Kaapa
Kaap
GN
ǂee
ǂee
people
,
****
****
****
Translationpeople from the Cape

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
nǀa
nǀa
and
Translationand ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
daardie
daardie
those
Boesmans
boesman-s
Bushman-PL
kom
kom
come
uit
uit
out
uit
uit
out
Kuruman
Kuruman
GN
,
****
****
****
Translationthose Bushman come from Kuruman

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
of
of
or
hoe
hoe
how
,
****
****
****
Translationisn't it?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
daardie
daardie
those
Khoisan
Khoisan
Khoisan
,
****
****
****
Translationthose Khiosan

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
Translationno

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
haʼa
haʼa
no
****
****
****
Translation

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
(...)
****
****
****
****
****
Translation(...)

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
is
is
be
ʼn
ʼn
INDEF
plek
plek
place
****
****
****
Translationis a place

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
Khoisan
Khoisan
Khoisan
,
****
****
****
TranslationKhoisan

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
ek
ek
1SG.SBJ
weet
weet
know
nie
nie
NEG
waar
waar
where
is
is
be
,
waffer
watter
which
plek
plek
place
is
is
be
Khoisan
Khoisan
Khoisan
,
****
****
****
TranslationI don't know where, what place is Khoisan

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
Khoisand
Khoisand
GN
****
****
****
TranslationKhoisand

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ja
ja
yes
,
****
****
****
dit
dit
3SG.N
is
is
be
,
****
****
****
daar
daar
there
kom
kom
come
hulle
hulle
3PL
vanaf
vanaf
from
,
Translationyes, that's it, that's where they come from

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
dié
dié
these
wat
wat
REL
van
van
from
Kuruman
Kuruman
GN
afkom
af-kom
off-come
is
is
be
die
die
DEF
Hotnots
hotnot-s
hotnot-PL
gewees
ge-wees
PTCP-be.INF
****
****
****
Translationthoses that come from Kuruman were the Hotnots

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
die
die
DEF
Hotnots
hotnot-s
hotnot-PL
Translationthe Hotnots

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
net
net
only
die
die
DEF
Hotnots
hotnot-s
hotnot-PL
,
****
****
****
Translationjust the Hotnots, yes

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
ja
ja
yes
****
****
****
Translation

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
wat
wat
REL
van
van
from
Kuruman
Kuruman
GN
Translationfrom Kuruman

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ja
ja
yes
,
daardie
af
off
,
****
****
****
Translationyes, they ?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
daardie,
daardie
those
daardie
daardie
those
Hotnots
hotnot-s
hotnot-PL
is
is
be
dit,
dit
3SG.N
(...)
****
****
Kuruman
Kuruman
GN
(...)
****
****
****
****
****
Translation

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
die
die
DEF
Khoi
Khoi
Khoi
****
****
****
Translationthe Khoi ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
het
het
have
nou
nou
now
van
van
from
****
****
****
die
die
DEF
Khoisand
Khoisand
GN
afgekom
af-ge-kom
off-PTCP-come
,
****
****
****
Translationcame from Khoisand

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
o
o
ooh
,
daardie
daardie
those
wat
wat
REL
met
met
with
op
op
on
die
die
DEF
klip
klip
stone
loop
loop
walk
klap
klap
clap
,
****
****
****
Translationoh, thoses that are clapping with the stones?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ja
ja
yes
****
****
****
Translationyes

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ja
ja
yes
,
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
nǀaa
nǀaa
see
nǁngǂee
nǁngǂee
people
,
****
****
****
Translationwe go and see Bushmen

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
hng
hng
3PL
ǃqoeke
ǃqoe-ke
clap.hands****
,
hng
hng
3PL
ka
ka
PL
ǀkxʼaa
ǀkxʼaa
hand
nǀa
nǀa
COM
ǃaoke
ǃao-ke
stone-PL
,
Translationthey clap there hands with stones

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
hey
hey
hey
,
ng
ng
1SG
ku
ku
QUOT
,
"
tyuu
tyuu
who
ng
ng
OBL
ǂee
ǂee
people
xa
xae
TQ
ng
ng
this.PL
"
,
ǂee
ǂee
people
ku
ku
QUOT
ng
ng
OBL
nǀng
nǀng
1SG.OBL
,
"
nǁngǂee
nǁngǂee
people
ke
ke
ID
"
,
ng
ng
1SG
ku
ku
QUOT
,
"
ng
ng
1SG
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxaea
ǁxae-a
know****
ǂee
ǂee
people
ng
ng
this.PL
,
****
****
****
Translationhey, I say "what kind of people are those people?", the people tell me "it's Bushmen", I say "I don't know thoses people

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
nǁngǂee
nǁngǂee
people
kxʼam
kxʼam
right
a,
a
****
a
a
****
hng
hng
3PL
ǃqoeke
ǃqoe-ke
clap.hands****
(...),
****
****
(...)
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǃqoeke
ǃqoe-ke
clap.hands****
nǀa
nǀa
COM
si
si
1PL.E
ka
ka
PL
ǀkxʼaa,
ǀkxʼaa
hand
ke",
ke
yes
****
****
****
Translationare they really Bushmen, ? ?"

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
ǃqoeke
ǃqoe-ke
clap.hands****
si
si
1PL.E
ǃʼui
ǃʼui
traditional.song
ng
ng
OBL
ki
ki
place
a
a
this
,
****
****
****
Translationwe clap now our dance

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ǂee
ǂee
people
ng
ng
this.PL
dyee
dyee
do.how
ǃqoeke
ǃqoe-ke
clap.hands****
,
****
****
****
Translationhow clap these people?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
CONN
hng
hng
3PL
ǂao
ǂao
want
hng
hng
3PL
ǀqoqon
ǀqoqon
dance
,
ng
ng
1SG
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxae
ǁxae
know
hng
hng
3PL
dyee
dyee
do.how
hng
hng
3PL
ǀqoqon
ǀqoqon
dance
,
a
a
CONN
hng
hng
3PL
ǃʼaa
ǃʼaa
stand
naa
ǁʼaa
stand
,
hnya
hna
3PL.?
ng
ng
thus
kxʼuua
kxʼuu-a
do****
,
****
****
****
Translationthey want to dance, but I don't know how they dance, they just stand and make like this

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ng
ng
1SG
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxaea
ǁxae-a
know-?ASP
nǁang-ǂee
nǁang-ǂee
people
,
****
****
****
TranslationI don't know (these) Bushmen

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
nǁaa
nǁaa
that
****
****
****
Translation****

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
nǁang-ǂee
nǁang-ǂee
people
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁae
ǁae
NEG
,
****
****
****
Translationthey are not Bushmen

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
hm
hm
hm
,
ng
ng
1SG
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxaea
ǁxae-a
throw-?ASP
,
tyuu
tyuu
who
ng
ng
COP
ǂee
ǂee
people
ng
ng
this.PL
,
****
****
****
Translationhm, I don't know what kind of people they are

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
gunn
gunn
things
a
a
this
si
si
1PL.E
xa
xa
PST
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
nǀaa
nǀaa
see
ng
ng
OBL
ki
ki
place
a
a
this
,
****
****
****
Translationthese people we saw there

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
****
****
****
Translationwe ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
nǀai
nǀai
see
ǂee
ǂee
people
,
****
****
****
Translationsee people ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
hng
hng
3PL
hooke
hoo-ke
come****
ng
ng
OBL
Kaapa
Kaap
GN
,
****
****
****
Translationwho come from the cape

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
see
see
come
ng
ng
and
xaoke
xao-ke
gather****
,
****
****
****
Translationwe come and come together

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
moo
hoo
meet
ǀʼhuunsi
ǀʼhuun-si
white.person-SGLT
ʘoa
ʘoa
child
,
ha
ha
3H.SG
hooke
hoo-ke
come****
ng
ng
OBL
****
****
****
Translationthen we meet the Boer child who comes from ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ǀʼhuunsi
ǀʼhuun-si
white.person-SGLT
ʘoa
ʘoa
child
nǁaa
nǁaa
that
hooke
hoo-ke
come****
ng
ng
OBL
Kaape
Kaap
GN
,
daardie
daardie
that
wat
wat
REL
vir
vir
for
my
my
1SG.OBJ
voorin
voorin
in.the.front
toe
toe
towards
geroep
ge-roep
PTCP-call
het
het
have
,
Translationthat Boer child (who) comes from the Cape, the one who called me to the front

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
waarvanaf
waarvanaf
from.where
kom
kom
come
hy
hy
3SG.SBJ
,
Translationwhere does he come from?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
ek
ek
1SG.SBJ
weet
weet
know
nie
nie
NEG
waarvanaf
waarvanaf
from.where
kom
kom
come
hy
hy
3SG.SBJ
****
****
****
TranslationI don't know where he comes from

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
daardie
daardie
that
wat
wat
REL
gesê
ge-
PTCP-say
het
het
have
,
****
****
****
"
Ouma
ouma
grandma
Koerant
Koerant
PN
,
****
****
****
Translationthat one whos said "Ouma Koerant

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
kom
kom
come
maak
maak
make
vir
vir
for
ons
ons
1PL
die
die
DEF
diens
diens
service
op
op
on
[
met
met
with
die
die
DEF
]
met
met
with
die
die
DEF
taal
taal
language
"
,
****
****
****
Translationcome and open the service for us in the (Bushman) language"

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
kom
kom
come
hy
hy
3SG.SBJ
nie
nie
NEG
die
die
DEF
Kaap
Kaap
GN
uit
uit
out
,
****
****
****
Translationdoesn't he come from the Cape?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
hy
hy
3SG.SBJ
kom
kom
come
seker
seker
certainly
(...),
****
****
Translationhe certainly comes (...)

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
nou
nou
now
ja
ja
yes
,
****
****
****
ng
ng
1SG
xa
xa
PST
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
ǀʼee
ǀʼee
go.in
****
****
****
Translationwell, I went inside ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
tyoxoe
tyoxoe
there
,
****
****
****
Translationthere

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ng
ng
1SG
nǀaa
nǀaa
see
****
****
****
ǂee
ǂee
people
ng
ng
this.PL
,
****
****
****
TranslationI see the people

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
maar
maar
but
ng
ng
1SG
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxaea
ǁxae-a
throw-?ASP
,
****
****
****
Translationbut I don't know (them)

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
a
a
CONN
hng
hng
3PL
ǃqoeke
ǃqoe-ke
clap.hands****
nǀa
nǀa
COM
ǃaoke
ǃao-ke
stone-PL
,
****
****
****
Translationthey clap with stones

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
Geelmeid
Geelmeid
PN
katyuuʼa
ka-tyuuʼa
DIST-ask
ng
ng
1SG
,
"
hey
hey
hey
,
tyuu
tyuu
who
ng
ng
COP
ǂee
ǂee
people
"
,
"
hnʼng
hngʼe
****
,
ng
ng
1SG
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxaea
ǁxae-a
throw-?ASP
,
ng
ng
1SG
ǁaaxe
ǁaa-xe
sibling-F.SG
,
ng
ng
1SG
ǃxae
ǃxae
now
nǀai
nǀai
see
gunn
gunn
things
,
hng
hng
3PL
ǃqoeke
ǃqoe-ke
clap.hands****
nǀa
nǀa
COM
ǃaoke
ǃao-ke
stone-PL
,
si
si
1PL.E
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxae
ǁxae
know
"
,
****
****
****
TranslationGeelmeid asks me "who are these people", "no, I don't know, my sister, I just now (= for the first time) see people that clap with stones, we don't know (that)"

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
klaara
klaar-a
finished****
,
****
****
****
Translationwhen we have finished ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
si
si
1PL.E
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
ǁʼng
ǁʼng
move.out
****
****
****
Translationwe go out

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
is
is
be
mos
mos
indeed
,
Translationisn't it?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
ǁʼng
ǁʼng
move.out
,
[
si
si
1PL.E
]
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
mos
mos
indeed
ǁʼaa
ǁʼaa
go.to
****
****
****
Translationwe go uit, we go to ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
dinges
dinges
what.do.you.call.it
,
si
si
1PL.E
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go.to
****
****
****
Translationwhat-do-you-call-it, we go to ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
ki
ki
place
a
a
this
hng
hng
3PL
xa
xa
PST
ǃʼhau
ǃʼhau
roast
ʘae
ʘoe
meat
****
****
****
Translationthe place (where) they roasted the meat

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
saala
saal
hall
nǁaa
nǁaa
that
****
****
****
Translationthat hall

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
tya
tya
?there
ʘoe
ʘoe
meat
hng
hng
3PL
xa
xa
PST
ǃʼhau
ǃʼhau
roast
,
****
****
****
Translationwhere they roasted the meat

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
mos
mos
indeed
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go.to
tyoxoe
tyoxoe
there
,
Translationwe go there

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
2SG
mos
mos
indeed
ook
ook
also
ǁʼaa
ǁʼaa
go.to
tyoxoe
tyoxoe
there
,
Translationyou also go there

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
ǁʼng
ǁʼang
go.and
ǀʼee
ǀʼee
go.in
saala
saal
hall
,
****
****
****
Translationthen we go into the hall

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
si
si
1PL.E
ǁʼng
ǁʼang
go.and
aan
aan
eat
ʘoe
ʘoe
meat
a
a
this
ha
ha
3H.SG
ǂee
ǂee
people
xa
xa
PST
ǃʼhaua
ǃʼhau-a
roast-?ASP
,
Translationwe go and eat that meat that the people have roasted

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
si
si
1PL.E
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
nǀaa
nǀaa
see
Translationwe go and see ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ǂee
ǂee
people
,
hnya
hna
3PL.?
ǀqoqon
ǀqoqon
dance
,
****
****
****
Translationpeople who are dancing

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
"
tyuu
tyuu
who
ng
ng
COP
ǂee
ǂee
people
ng
ng
this.PL
"
,
"
nǃoʼe
nǃoʼe
no
****
****
****
Translation"who are those people" "no

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
[
se
se
1PL.E.?
hng
hng
3PL
]
hnye
hna
3PL.?
ng
ng
COP
ǃuu
ǃui
person
a
a
this
ng
ng
OBL
****
****
****
Translation****

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ng
ng
OBL
ǁʼau
ǁʼau
Olifantshoek
,
****
****
****
Translationfrom Olifantshoek

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
weet
weet
know
jy
jy
2SG.SBJ
wat
wat
what
is
is
be
ǁʼau
ǁʼau
Olifantshoek
,
****
****
****
Translationdo you know what "ǁʼau" means?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
Olifantshoek
Olifantshoek
GN
,
TranslationOlifantshoek

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
hulle
hulle
3PL
vra
vra
ask
nou
nou
now
,
"
wie
wie
who
goed
goed
good
is
is
be
****
****
****
dié
dié
these
"
,
****
****
****
Translationthey ask now "who are these (people)?"

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
ku
ku
QUOT
,
****
****
****
Translationthen we say

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
(...)
****
****
ng
ng
COP
ǃuu
ǃui
person
a
a
this
ng
ng
COP
ǁʼau",
ǁʼau
Olifantshoek
"o,
o
oh
mei
*mei
****
ng
ng
COP
ǁʼau
ǁʼau
Olifantshoek
ǂee,
ǂee
people
****
****
****
Translation? ? people from Olifantshoek", "oh, ? are the people from Olifantshoek?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
o
o
ooh
,
****
****
****
ja
ja
yes
nou
nou
now
u
u
2PL
"
,
****
****
****
Translationooh, and you?"

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
"
nǃoʼe
nǃoʼe
no
,
se
se
1PL.E.?
ng
ng
COP
gǃari
gǃari
Upington
ǂee
ǂee
people
"
,
****
****
****
Translation"no, we are the people from Upington"

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
gǃarisi
gǃari-si
Upington-SGLT
Translationgǃarisi

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
weet
weet
know
jy
jy
2SG.SBJ
wat
wat
what
is
is
be
gǃarisi
gǃari-si
Upington-SGLT
,
****
****
****
Translationdo you know what "gǃarisi" means?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
is
is
be
Upington
Upington
GN
,
****
****
****
Translationit's Upington

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
is
is
be
mos
mos
indeed
,
****
****
****
Translationisn't it?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
nou
nou
now
ja
ja
yes
,
si
si
1PL.E
tcooa
soo-a
sit-?ASP
tyoxoe
tyoxoe
there
,
hng
hng
3PL
ǃʼhau
ǃʼhau
roast
ʘoe
ʘoe
meat
,
hng
hng
3PL
tsaa
tsaa
give
sa
sa
1PL.E.DAT
aan
aan
food
,
****
****
****
Translationwell, we sit there, they roast meat, they give us food

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
nǀai
nǀai
see
(...)
****
****
nǁang-ǂee
nǁang-ǂee
people
ng,
ng
this.PL
****
****
****
Translationwe go and see those Bushmen

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
ng
ng
1SG
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
nǀaa
nǀaa
see
****
****
****
TranslationI go and see ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ng
ng
1SG
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxaea
ǁxae-a
throw-?ASP
ng
ng
COP
gǃaixa
ǃaixa
traditional.healer
nǁaa
nǁaa
that
,
ha
ha
3H.SG
[
ku
ku
QUOT
]
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
ǂxoa
ǂxoa
speak
,
ha
ha
3H.SG
ǃxao
ǃxao
light
ǀʼii
ǀʼii
fire
,
tyuu
tyuu
who
xae
xae
TQ
,
****
****
****
TranslationI don't know if this is a traditional healer, he does not go and speak, he lights a fire, who's that?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ha
ha
3H.SG
ǃxao
ǃxao
light
ǀʼii
ǀʼii
fire
,
****
****
****
Translationhe lights a fire

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
gǃaixa
ǃaixa
traditional.healer
ke
ke
ID
,
****
****
****
Translationit is a traditional healer

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
gǃaixa
ǃaixa
traditional.healer
ke
ke
ID
,
****
****
****
Translationit is a traditional healer

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
kxʼusa
kxʼusa
allegedly
ha
ha
3H.SG
ǃʼaa
ǃʼaa
stand
naa
ǁʼaa
stand
ǀʼii
ǀʼii
be.inside
,
nya
na
1SG.?
nǀai
nǀai
see
ha
ha
3H.SG
ǀqoqon
ǀqoqon
dance
,
ha
ha
3H.SG
ǃʼaa
ǃʼaa
stand
naa
ǁʼaa
stand
ǀʼii
ǀʼii
fire
,
ha
ha
3H.SG
ǀqoqon
ǀqoqon
dance
,
****
****
****
Translationhe just stands at the fire, I see he dances, he stands at the fire, he dances

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
hey
hey
hey
,
gao
gao
thing
a
a
this
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxaea
ǁxae-a
know-?ASP
ǀqoqonki
ǀqoqon-ki
dance****
,
****
****
****
Translationhey, that person does not know ?how to dance

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
see
see
come
ha
ha
3H.SG
ku
ku
QUOT
ng
ng
OBL
nǀng
nǀng
1SG.OBL
,
"
ǁʼaea
ǁʼae-a
go-IMP.SG
ng
ng
and
ǀqoqon
ǀqoqon
dance
"
,
ng
ng
1SG
ku
ku
QUOT
,
"
nǃoʼe
nǃoʼe
no
,
ng
ng
1SG
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxaea
ǁxae-a
know-?ASP
ǃʼui
ǃʼui
dance
a
a
this
ha
ha
3H.SG
ki
ki
****
ǃqoeke
ǃqoe-ke
clap.hands****
nǀa
nǀa
COM
ǃao
ǃao
stone
,
****
****
****
Translationshe (Geelmeid) comes and says to me "go and dance!", I say "no, I don't know this dance that is clapped with a stone

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
si
si
1PL.E
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǀqoqon
ǀqoqon
dance
ǃʼui
ǃʼui
traditional.song
ha
ha
3H.SG
****
****
****
Translationwe don't dance a dance that ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ǃaoke
ǃao-ke
stone-PL
ki
ki
have
,
Translationuses stones

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
o
o
ooh
,
is
is
be
hy
hy
3SG.SBJ
die
die
DEF
dokter
dokter
doctor
,
daardie
daardie
that
ene
een-e
one-ADJ.SUFF
****
****
****
Translationooh, is he the traditional healer, that one

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
daardie
daardie
that
wat
wat
REL
daar
daar
there
vuur
vuur
fire
Translationthe one who made the fire

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ja
ge-maak
PTCP-make
,
hy
ja
yes
is
hy
3SG.SBJ
die
het
have
toordokter
is
be
,
****
****
****
Translationyes, he is a traditional healer

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
die
die
DEF
toordokter,
toordokter
traditional.healer
****
****
****
Translation

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
die
die
DEF
toordokter
toordokter
traditional.healer
,
****
****
****
Translationa traditinal healer

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
o
o
ooh
****
****
****
Translationoh

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
nǀaa
nǀaa
see
,
ha
ha
3H.SG
[
ka
ka
****
]
****
****
****
Translationwe go and see he ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
[
ka
ka
****
]
kakhaqle
ka-khaqle
DIST-dance.around?
ng
ng
OBL
ǀʼii
ǀʼii
fire
,
ha
ha
3H.SG
kakhaqle
ka-khaqle
DIST-walk.around?
ng
ng
OBL
ǀʼii
ǀʼii
fire
,
ha
ha
3H.SG
kakhaqle
ka-khaqle
DIST-walk.around?
ng
ng
OBL
ǀʼii
ǀʼii
fire
,
****
****
****
hey
hey
hey
****
****
****
Translation... ?dances around the fire, he ?dances around the fire, he ?dances around the fire, hey

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
hey
hey
hey
****
****
****
Translationhey

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
kakhaqle
ka-khaqle
DIST-dance.around?
ng
ng
OBL
ǀʼii
ǀʼii
fire
,
****
****
****
Translation(he) ?dances around the fire

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Geelmeid
Geelmeid
PN
ku
ku
QUOT
ng
ng
OBL
nǀng,
nǀng
1SG.OBL
****
****
****
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
ǀʼeea,
ǀʼee-a
go.in-IMP.SG
a
a
2SG
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go
[...]
****
****
ǀqoqon",
ǀqoqon
dance
ng
ng
1SG
ku,
ku
QUOT
"nǃoʼe,
nǃoʼe
no
ng
ng
1SG
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
dyaqnn",
dyaqnn
walk
****
****
****
TranslationGeelmeid says to me "go and go in and go and dance", I say "no, I don't go"

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
"
ǁʼaa
ǁʼaa
go
a
a
2SG
ǀʼee
ǀʼee
go.in
"
,
"
ng
ng
1SG
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxae
ǁxae
know
,
tyuu
tyuu
who
ng
ng
COP
ǂee
ǂee
people
ng
ng
this.PL
"
,
****
****
****
Translation"go in", "I don't know who these people are"

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ng
ng
1SG
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxaea
ǁxae-a
know-?ASP
,
a
a
CONN
ng
ng
1SG
khuuǁʼng
khuuǁʼng
stand.up
,
****
****
****
TranslationI don't know (them), but I stand up

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
staan
staan
stand
op
op
on
,
****
****
****
Translationstand up!

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
2SG
si
si
IRR
nǃaa
ǃʼaa
stand
naa
ǁʼaa
stand
,
****
****
****
Translationyou must stand

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ǀʼhuunsi
ǀʼhuun-si
white.person-SGLT
ʘoa
ʘoa
child
ku
ku
QUOT
,
"
siia
sii-a
come-IMP.SG
Ouma
ouma
grandma
Koerant
Koerant
PN
,
****
****
****
Translationthe Boer child says "come, Ouma Koerant

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
saa
saa
come
ng
ng
and
ku,
ku
QUOT
"Suǁoa
suǁoa
God
(...),
****
****
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
xa
xa
PST
(...),
****
****
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
ng
ng
****
ǀʼee
ǀʼee
go.in
si
si
1PL.E
ng
ng
COP
ki
ki
place
a,
a
this
si
si
1PL.E
see
see
come
si
si
1PL.E
ǃʼaru
*ǃʼar-u
********
soo,
soo
sit
****
****
****
Translation****

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxaea
ǁxae-a
know-?ASP
ǃuu
ǃuu
land
a
a
this
,
si
si
1PL.E
ǃxae
ǃxae
now
saa
saa
come
ki
ki
place
a
a
this
,
****
****
****
Translationwe don't know this world, we come here (just) now

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
xa
xa
PST
(...)
****
****
ǁaa
ǁaa
like
ǀoeng
ǀoe-ke
child.PL-PL
hng
hng
3PL
xa
xa
PST
ǁabe
ǁabe
get.lost
****
****
****
Translationwe ?came? like lost children

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
Suǁoa
suǁoa
God
,
a
a
2SG
si
si
IRR
hui
hui
help
,
si
si
1PL.E
si
si
IRR
gǀoe
gǀoqe
again
ǂao
ǂao
go.back
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go.to
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
ǃxoe
ǃxoe
place
****
****
****
TranslationLord, you must help us (?until/?so that) we go back again to our place

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
tya
tya
?there
si
si
1PL.E
hooke
hoo-ke
come.from****
nǁaa
nǁaa
OBL.3SG.OBL
,
****
****
****
Translationwhere we come from

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
want
want
because
si
si
1PL.E
hooke
hoo-ke
come****
ng
ng
OBL
haru
haru
far
,
****
****
****
Translationbecause we come from far (away)

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
see
see
come
,
si
si
1PL.E
ǀʼee
ǀʼee
go.in
ǂee
ǂee
people
ng
ng
this.PL
,
****
****
****
Translationwe come (and) we ?enter among these people

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxae
ǁxae
know
ki
ki
place
a
a
this
,
****
****
****
Translationwe don't know this place

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
xa
xa
PST
ǃxae
ǃxae
now
saa
saa
come
ki
ki
place
a
a
this
,
****
****
****
Translationwe came here (just right) now

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
2SG
si
si
IRR
ǀai
ǀai
take
ng
ng
OBL
gǀa
gǀa
2SG.OBL
ǁhauke
ǁxau-ke
blood-PL
,
****
****
****
Translationyou must take your blood

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
2SG
ǂhaun
ǂhaun
pour
gǃai
gǃai
be.on
ǁhoo
ǁxoo
put.down
si
si
1PL.E
kanǀai
ka-nǀani
PL-head.PL
,
****
****
****
Translation(and) pour (it) onto our heads

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
nǀa
nǀa
PURP
si
si
1PL.E
nǀaa
nǀaa
see
,
****
****
****
Translationso that we can see ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
si
si
IRR
ǁʼae
ǁʼae
go.to
kidye
kidya
where
,
****
****
****
Translationwhere we shall go to

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
gǃai
gǃai
be.on
soo
soo
sit
[
hora
hora
dish.up
]
,
****
****
****
Translationwe sit (here) on the ????

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
CONN
[
hora
hora
dish.up
]
a
a
this
,
****
****
****
Translationbecause this ?

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxaea
ǁxae-a
know-?ASP
,
****
****
****
Translationwe don't know

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
ǃxae
ǃxae
now
saa
saa
come
ki
ki
place
a
a
this
,
****
****
****
Translationwe ?come here (just) now

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
tseea
see-a
come-?ASP
ǁaa
ǁaa
like
ǀqhuisi
ǀqhui-si
bird-SGLT
,
****
****
****
Translationwe came like a bird

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
2SG
ǁxaea
ǁxae-a
know-?ASP
ǀqhuisi
ǀqhui-si
bird-SGLT
ha
ha
3H.SG
xa
xa
PST
kura
kura
?fly
,
****
****
****
Translation****

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
seea
see-a
come-?ASP
,
****
****
****
Translation****

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
ǀʼii
ǀʼii
be.under
suin
suin
sit.down
ng
ng
OBL
ʘoo
ʘoo
wood
,
****
****
****
Translation****

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
(
si
si
1PL.E
)
si
si
1PL.E
[
gǁae
*gǁ-a-e
********-ADJ.SUFF
]
ǁaa
ǁaa
like
ǀqhuisi
ǀqhui-si
bird-SGLT
ki
ki
****
,
****
****
****
Translation****

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
ǃxae
ǃxae
now
saa
saa
come
ki
ki
place
a
a
this
,
****
****
****
Translationwe ?come here (just) now

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ǂee
ǂee
people
hng
hng
3PL
xa
xa
PST
ǀaa
ǀaa
take
uua
uu-a
take.up****
si
si
1PL.E
****
****
****
Translationthese people who picked us up

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
hng
hng
3PL
tsaaʼa
tsaa
bring
si
si
1PL.E
,
****
****
****
Translationwho brought us (here) ...

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
si
si
1PL.E
see
see
come
,
si
si
1PL.E
nǀaa
nǀaa
see
ǃuu
ǃuu
land
a
a
this
,
****
****
****
Translationwe come (and) we see this world

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
a
a
CONN
si
si
1PL.E
ǁu
ǁu
NEG
ǁxae
ǁxae
know
ǃuu
ǃuu
land
a
a
this
,
****
****
****
Translationbecause we don't know this world

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
****
****
****
ke
ke
yes
,
****
****
****
Translationyes

Text viewUtterance view