Interlinear glossed text

32_SohmyntingInterview_2

Recording date2012-05-27
Speaker age63
Speaker sexm
Text genrepersonal narrative
Extended corpusyes



Word
Morpheme
Gloss
EMPTY
EMPTY
EMPTY
Translation`EMPTY.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
To
to
ok
me
me
2sg.M.acc
sakhiat
sakhiat
be.true
kong
kong
hon.F

nvis
kam
kam
like;want
wa
wa
NMZ
tip
tip
know
dangchwa
dang****chwa
CONT****before
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
sohmyntin
sohmynting
Sohmynting
heiwon
he-i=won
LOC-N=which
dur
dur
purpose
wan
wan
come
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
Yi
yi
thing
wa
wa
NMZ
seiñ
seiñ
committee
chnong
chnong
village
heini
he-i=ni
LOC-N=prox
'
Translation`Q) `ok, you brother in law, as you know tell us how sohmyntin vill came to be Who estd this vill.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Nga
nga
1sg.top
katkam
kat-kam
as-like;want
wa
wa
NMZ
tip
tip
know
o
o
1sg.nom

nvis
,
wa
wa
NMZ
seiñ
seiñ
committee
chnong
chnong
village

nvis
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
yong
yong
GEN
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
,
neibhah
ne-i=bhah
ABL-N=cause
kat
kat
as
ipor
i=por
N=time
wa
wa
NMZ
parom
parom
tell.story
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
hæh
hæh
be.big

nvis
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
ki
ki
3pl
yong
yong
GEN
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
ichwa
i=chwa
N=before
chong
chong
sit
kitæ
ki=
PL=nvis
ha
ha
LOC
jwai
jwai
Jowai
.
Translation`as far as i know, the elders told me that the lady from the Pyrtuh clan estd a vill here, and before that they resided in jwai/jowai.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
æm
æm
have
kitæ
ki=
PL=nvis
kibru
ki=bru
PL=person
sñiawsar
sñiaw****sar
sense****be.apparent
chipayu
chi-payu
one-older.sibling
ki
ki
3pl
,

nvis
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kakhian
ka=khian
RES=be.small
ym
ym
NEG
yoh
yoh
get
blai
blai
God
,

nvis
tooh
tooh
steal
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kapayu
ka=payu
F=older.sibling
khian
khian
be.small
na
na
ABL
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kahæh
ka=hæh
RES=be.big
ya
ya
BEN
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kablai
ka=blai
F=God
.
Translation`it seems that there were two sisters, the youngest have no goddess, but the elder sist have goddess, the youngest ones stole away her sist's goddess.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
dæp
dæp
CPLV
neitæ
ne-i=
ABL-N=nvis
chah
chah
PASS
beh
bæh
trap.with.net
na
na
ABL
jwai
jwai
Jowai

nvis
wan
wan
come
chong
chong
sit
chnong
chnong
village
cheini
che-i=ni
ALL-N=prox
.
Translation`the youngest sister was driven away from jowai, then she came and resided in this vill.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
me
me
2sg.M.acc
yn
yn
REF
kat
kat
as
heijingtip
he-i=jing-tip
LOC-N=ab.NMZ-know
yong
yong
GEN
me
me
2sg.M.acc
kammon
kammon
how
Translation`Q) `and according to what you know how was it.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
To
to
ok
,
nga
nga
1sg.top
yn
yn
REF
kat
kat
as
kam
kam
like;want
wa
wa
NMZ
tip
tip
know
o
o
1sg.nom

nvis
ne
ne
or
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
wan
wan
come
ki
ki
3pl
na
na
ABL
Mynso
mynso
Mynso
.
Translation`acc to what i knew they came from Mynso.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Na
na
ABL
mynso
mynso
Mynso
re
re
any
mo
mo
QTAG
,
na
na
ABL
mynso
mynso
Mynso
ha
ha
LOC
jwai
jwai
Jowai
,
na
na
ABL
jwai
jwai
Jowai
poi
poi
arrive
ki
ki
3pl
cheini
che-i=ni
ALL-N=prox
.
Translation`of course from mynso, from mynso to jowai, from jowai they came here.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Wa
wa
NMZ
sñiaw
sñiaw
sense
wa
wa
NMZ
neitæ
ne-i=
ABL-N=nvis
læh
læh
also
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
læh
læh
do
thma
thma
war
ki
ki
3pl
ne
ne
or
,
sñiawdur
sñiaw****dur
sense****purpose

nvis
yathma
ya-thma
BEN-war
ki
ki
3pl
cheini
che-i=ni
ALL-N=prox
cha
cha
ALL
chnong
chnong
village
sohmyntin
sohmynting
Sohmynting
se
sa
only
.
Translation`it seems there was a batlle at that time it continued till this vill.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Dep
dæp
CPLV
neitæ
ne-i=
ABL-N=nvis

nvis
poi
poi
arrive
ki
ki
3pl
ha
ha
LOC
chnong
chnong
village
sohmyntiñ
sohmynting
Sohmynting
seiñ
seiñ
committee
chnong
chnong
village
ki
ki
3pl
dooh
dooh
completely
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kakur
ka=kur
F=clan
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
hi
hi
EMPH
.
Translation`after the battle they resided in this vill and those people were from the pyrtuh clan only.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Dep
dæp
CPLV
neitæ
ne-i=
ABL-N=nvis

nvis
kat
kat
as
da
da
REAL
sah
sah
stay
samen
samæn
be.alone
du
du
only
chi
chikur
setclan
kur
****
****
kamtæ
kam-
as;like-nvis
,

nvis
kam
kam
like;want
ong
ong
say
kattæ
kat-
as-nvis

nvis
teiñ
teiñ
afraid;fear
noh
noh
IMM1
ki
ki
3pl

C.TAG
,
sñiaw
sñiaw
sense
chong
chong
sit
syer
syær
fear
chong
chong
sit
duk
duk
be.hard
itæ
i=
N=nvis
mo
mo
QTAG
,
kammon
kammon
how
kitæ
ki=
PL=nvis
poi
poi
arrive
kha
kha
birth
poi
poi
arrive
man
man
become
da
da
INST
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
kibru
ki=bru
PL=person
læh
læh
also
ym
ym
NEG
yoh
yoh
get
kha
kha
birth
yoh
yoh
get
man
man
become
,

nvis
ong
ong
say
noh
noh
IMM1
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kajingtæp
ka=jing-tæp
F=ab.NMZ-bury
teiñ
teiñ
afraid;fear
kitæ
ki=
PL=nvis
syer
syær
fear
ki
ki
3pl
mo
mo
QTAG
Translation`then since there were only 'pyrtuh in that village they started having fear of how can they stay like that, how will there be marriage, the people can't get a partner for themselves from the same clan..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
nadooh
na-dooh
ABL-when
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kapor
ka=por
F=time
kat
kat
as
dang
dang
CONT
æm
æm
have
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kajingsyer
ka=jing-syær
F=ab.NMZ-fear
kajingteiñ
ka=jing-teiñ
F=ab.NMZ-afraid;fear
,

nvis
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
læh
læh
also
samen
samæn
be.alone
uchong
u=chong
NF=sit

nvis
teiñ
teiñ
afraid;fear
.
Mo
mo
QTAG
.
Translation`since then they had this fear and they are also afraid to stay single.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
neibhah
ne-i=bhah
ABL-N=cause

nvis
idaw
i=daw
N=reason
ya
ya
BEN
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
da
da
REAL
khut
khut
call
pyrtuit
pyrtuit
name
ya
ya
BEN
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
da
da
INST
kasamenteiñ
ka=samæn****teiñ
RES=be.alone****afraid;fear
,
e
e
give
noh
noh
IMM1
pyrtuit
pyrtuit
name
ha
ha
LOC
jingthoh
jing-thoh
ab.NMZ-write
Sohmyntin
sohmynting
Sohmynting
.
Translation`therefore this village was named after this situation, samenteñ (which means afraid to be alone), and it was further recommend officially in writings as Sohmynting (sohmen or samen `alone and ting or teñ or tieng 'afraid.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Sohmen
sohmen
be.alone

nvis
mut
mut
means
samen
samæn
be.alone
,
ting
ting
be.afraid
mut
mut
means
wa
wa
NMZ
teñ
teiñ
afraid;fear
,

nvis
se
sa
only
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
wan
wan
come
chong
chong
sit
chnong
chnong
village

nvis
pyrtuit
pyrtuit
name
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
toh
toh
be
samen
samæn
be.alone
toh
toh
be
teñ
teiñ
afraid;fear
,

nvis
sohmyntin
sohmynting
Sohmynting
.
Translation`sohmen means alone, ting means afraid, this village came to be known as Sohmynting since theñ. (for a pnar speaker its SamyntiN, for a khasi its Sohmynting).'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
toh
toh
be
kadaw
ka=daw
F=reason
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
e
e
give
pyrtuit
pyrtuit
name
ya
ya
BEN
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
mo
mo
QTAG
.
Translation`that's the reason this vill was named as so.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
kiyi
ki=yi
PL=thing
de
de
neg.ints
kijait
ki=jait
PL=type
chnong
chnong
village
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
wan
wan
come
chong
chong
sit
chnong
chnong
village
katte
kat-te
as-mprox
'
Translation`Q) `What are the different types of people that resided in this vill..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
hadien
ha-dein
LOC-back
neitæ
ne-i=
ABL-N=nvis
kisohchnong
ki=soh****chnong
PL=fruit****village

nvis
kitai
ki=tai
PL=distal
ki
ki
3pl
na
na
ABL
chiliang
chiliang
across
myngot
umngot
Umngot
Translation`then the aliens that resided here later were the people from across the Myngot river.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
che
che
be.light
chwa
chwa
before
kayi
ka=yi
F=thing
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
nyngkong
nyngkong
be.first

C.TAG
,
wa
wa
NMZ
sakhiet
sakhiat
be.true
Translation`Q) .'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
nyngkong
nyngkong
be.first
wa
wa
NMZ
wan
wan
come
sohchnong
soh****chnong
fruit****village
Translation`no, who were the first aliens .'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
nga
nga
1sg.top
læh
læh
also
re
re
any
tip
tip
know
bha
bha
INTS1
iyi
i=yi
N=thing
itæ
i=
N=nvis
,
to
to
ok
to
to
ok
pynbood
pyn-bood
CAUS-follow
da
da
INST
me
me
2sg.M.acc
la
la
if
tip
tip
know
mi
mi
2sg.M.nom

C.TAG
.
Translation`I don't know much about that, ok you tell them if you know.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
itæ
i=
N=nvis

nvis
kat
kat
as
ijingtip
i=jing-tip
N=ab.NMZ-know
yong
yong
GEN
nga
nga
1sg.top
,
jan
jan
be.near
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
ar
ar
two
wan
wan
come
sohchnong
soh****chnong
fruit****village
heini
he-i=ni
LOC-N=prox
yong
yong
GEN
phawa
phawa
Phawa
,
kat
kat
as
ipor
i=por
N=time
wa
wa
NMZ
wan
wan
come
sohchnong
soh****chnong
fruit****village
ki
ki
3pl
heini
he-i=ni
LOC-N=prox

nvis
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kabeipun
ka=beipun
F=grandmother
i
i
1pl
dang
dang
CONT
bah
bah
be.great
ki
ki
3pl
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
deibah
de-i=bah
INST-N=be.great
.
Translation`what i know is, the second aliens who came to reside in this vill was the Phawa clan, during that time my grandmother was back carried (like a baby).'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
dæp
dæp
CPLV
yn
yn
REF

nvis
hadien
ha-dein
LOC-back
neitæ
ne-i=
ABL-N=nvis
,
wan
wan
come
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
kinonghuloo
ki=nonghuloo
PL=Nonghuloo
,
dæp
dæp
CPLV
yn
yn
REF

nvis

nvis
wan
wan
come
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
kikhyriem
ki=khynriam
PL=Khynriem
,
katkam
kat-kam
as-like;want
jingtip
jing-tip
ab.NMZ-know
yong
yong
GEN
nga
nga
1sg.top
parom
parom
tell.story
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
hæh
hæh
be.big

C.TAG
.
Translation`after that then came the Nonghuloo clan, then the khasi people, acc to what i know from the older people.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
EMPTY
EMPTY
EMPTY
Translation`EMPTY.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
To
to
ok
ie
i=e
ACT=give
kattu
kat-tu
as-medl

nvis
da
da
REAL
tip
tip
know
i
i
1pl
man
man
become
wa
wa
NMZ
kitæ
ki=
PL=nvis
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
yalok
ya-lok
BEN-friend
ki
ki
3pl
wan
wan
come
sohchnong
soh****chnong
fruit****village

nvis
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kajait
ka=jait
F=type
kur
kur
clan
mo
mo
QTAG
.
Translation`ok now we know the people from different clans who came to be citizens of this vill later oñ.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kakur
ka=kur
F=clan
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
kat
kat
as
da
da
REAL
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
man
man
become
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
seiñ
seiñ
committee
chnong
chnong
village
nyngkong
nyngkong
be.first

nvis
toh
toh
be
hi
hi
EMPH
mai
mai
can.be
kong
kong
hon.F
man
man
become
hadooh
ha-dooh
LOC-when
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
kisngi
ki=sngi
PL=day
læh
læh
also
man
man
become
wa
wa
NMZ
ya
ya
BEN
urangbah
u=rangbah
M=headman
chnong
chnong
village

nvis
da
da
REAL
ong
ong
say
bait
bait
IMM3
ki
ki
3pl
man
man
become
uthung
u=thung
NF=plant;appoint
rangbah
rangbah
headman
chnong
chnong
village
ki
ki
3pl
da
da
INST
uni
u=ni
M=prox
yong
yong
GEN
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
hi
hi
EMPH
,
toh
toh
be
hi
hi
EMPH
kam
kam
like;want

nvis
'
Translation`so this pyrtuh clan they said, it's the first to estd this vill, till this day the chief of this vill should always be appointed from this clan, is it true bro in law .'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
hao
ha-o
yes
kam
kam
like;want

nvis
hi
hi
EMPH
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
yong
yong
GEN
i
i
1pl
dang
dang
CONT
neh
næh
preserve
hi
hi
EMPH
wa
wa
NMZ
læh
læh
do
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
rim
rim
be.old
burom
burom
honor
ki
ki
3pl
ya
ya
BEN
kakur
ka=kur
F=clan
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
wa
wa
NMZ
katni
kat-ni
as-prox
læh
læh
also
man
man
become
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
ngooh
ngooh
blessing;thanks
upaidbah
u=paidbah
M=crowd;congregation
yong
yong
GEN
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
ya
ya
BEN
uthung
u=thung
NF=plant;appoint
hi
hi
EMPH
da
da
REAL
uwahæh
u=wa-hæh
M=NMZ-be.big
ong
ong
say
kakur
ka=kur
F=clan
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
.
Translation`yes it's true, till today the pyrtuh clan was respect by the people and they obey to appoint the chief from the pyrtuh clan.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Ong
ong
say
bait
bait
IMM3
nadooh
na-dooh
ABL-when

nvis
ipor
i=por
N=time
hi
hi
EMPH
pa
pa
by
ya
ya
BEN
man
man
become
ksoh
ksoh
hold
ki
ki
3pl
ya
ya
BEN
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kaburom
ka=burom
RES=honor
para
para
among
i
i
1pl
hi
hi
EMPH
kam
kam
like;want
ong
ong
say
kaburom
ka=burom
RES=honor
kylliang
kylliang
repay
mo
mo
QTAG
,
toh
toh
be
i
i
1pl
u
u
3sg.M.nom
wa
wa
NMZ
hæh
hæh
be.big
wa
wa
NMZ
san
san
be.large

nvis
ujied
u=jeid
NF=pickup;choose
noh
noh
IMM1
da
da
REAL
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kakur
ka=kur
F=clan
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
mo
mo
QTAG
.
Translation`since then the honor was given to the pyrtuh clan, to elect a vill chief from the elders of the clan.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
katni
kat-ni
as-prox
læh
læh
also
dang
dang
CONT
æm
æm
have
utu
u=tu
M=medl
wahæh
wa-hæh
NMZ-be.big
kur
kur
clan
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
ki
ki
3pl
ynde
yn****de
REF****neg.ints
Translation`so till now the elder from the pyrtuh clan was still there isn't it .'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
O
o
1sg.nom
dang
dang
CONT
æm
æm
have
u
u
3sg.M.nom
.
Translation`yes he is still there.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
To
to
ok

nvis
itæ
i=
N=nvis
toh
toh
be
wa
wa
NMZ
tip
tip
know
i
i
1pl
kadaw
ka=daw
F=reason
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
jinglong
jing-long
ab.NMZ-life
jingman
jing-man
ab.NMZ-become
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
yong
yong
GEN
i
i
1pl
,

nvis
dæp
dæp
CPLV
ni
ni
prox

nvis

nvis
me
me
2sg.M.acc
kynmoo
kynmoo
remember
mi
mi
2sg.M.nom
ma
ma
hon.M
ai
ai
PTNL
nadooh
na-dooh
ABL-when
usnæm
u=snæm
M=year
yee
yee
able
ma
ma
hon.M
ai
ai
PTNL
dæp
dæp
CPLV
kiseñ
ki=seiñ
PL=committee
ni
ni
prox
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
sakhiat
sakhiat
be.true
Translation`so that's the truth about what's going on in our vill, so do you remember the year that this vill was estd.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Kat
kat
as
ya
ya
BEN
usnæm
u=snæm
M=year

nvis
kynmoo
kynmoo
remember
o
o
1sg.nom
re
re
NEG.any
kheñ
kheñ
ritual.action
phi
phi
2pl
,
kat
kat
as
ya
ya
BEN
usnæm
u=snæm
M=year

nvis
nga
nga
1sg.top
wa
wa
NMZ
kheñ
kheñ
ritual.action
hæh
hæh
be.big
iyi
i=yi
N=thing

nvis
ijingwanrah
i=jing-wanrah
N=ab.NMZ-bring
ya
ya
BEN
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kabeipun
ka=beipun
F=grandmother
i
i
1pl
cheini
che-i=ni
ALL-N=prox
,

nvis
hawa
hawa
when
man
man
become
ong
ong
say
noh
noh
IMM1
ki
ki
3pl
da
da
REAL
man
man
become
ki
ki
3pl
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
ar
ar
two
ki
ki
3pl
wan
wan
come
sohchnong
soh****chnong
fruit****village
heini
he-i=ni
LOC-N=prox
.
Translation`I don't remember the year, i just remember when my grandmother was carried here, they were the second to come and reside here.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Tang
tang
but;even
kat
kat
as
na
na
ABL
wa
wa
NMZ
yap
yap
die
kabeipun
ka=beipun
F=grandmother
i
i
1pl
læh
læh
also
nga
nga
1sg.top
jan
jan
be.near
ynru
ynru
six
snæm
snæm
year
o
o
1sg.nom
mo
mo
QTAG
,
boi
boi
should
ym
ym
NEG
pu
pu
not
æm
æm
have
o
o
1sg.nom
tang
tang
but;even
ynru
ynru
six
snem
snæm
year
,
kat
kat
as
ukynmoo
u=kynmoo
NF=remember
eh
eh
leave
o
o
1sg.nom
,

nvis
nga
nga
1sg.top
kattu
kat-tu
as-medl
la
na
ABL
ynruphaw
ynruphaw
sixty
san
san
five
snæm
snæm
year
o
o
1sg.nom

nvis
,
sñiaw
sñiaw
sense
phi
phi
2pl
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
yap
yap
die
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
læh
læh
also
da
da
REAL
tymmen
tymmæn
be.old
da
da
REAL
dor
dor
value;rate
bha
bha
INTS1
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
,
kam
kam
like;want
wa
wa
NMZ
yap
yap
die
hi
hi
EMPH
kabei
ka=bei
F=mother
.
Translation`I was just six years or so when my grandmother passed away, now I'm 65 years old, i remember slightly, she died when she was very old, just like my mother did.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Jan
jan
be.near
na
na
ABL
kisnæm
ki=snæm
PL=year
khatphra
khatphra
eighteen
spah
spah
hundred
hi
hi
EMPH
,
tharai
thar****ai
write****PTNL
neibhah
ne-i=bhah
ABL-N=cause
uni
u=ni
M=prox
usnæm
u=snæm
M=year
khatkhynde
khatkhynde
nineteen
spah
spah
hundred
da
da
REAL
lai
lai
go
mo
mo
QTAG
.
Translation`I think it's in the 1800's, because the 1900's had gone.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Tang
tang
but;even
kat
kat
as
kabei
ka=bei
F=mother
na
na
ABL
wa
wa
NMZ
yap
yap
die
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
læh
læh
also
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
la
na
ABL
khyndephaw
khyndephaw
ninety
ar
ar
two
snæm
snæm
year
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
,
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
da
da
REAL
kha
kha
birth
cheini
che-i=ni
ALL-N=prox
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
upa
u=pa
M=father
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
u
u
3sg.M.nom
yong
yong
GEN
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
.
Translation`my mother died when she was 92 years old, she was born here and her father was a pyrtuh.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
kasnæm
ka=snæm
F=year
khatphra
khatphra
eighteen
spah
spah
hundred
hi
hi
EMPH
jan
jan
be.near
,
da
da
INST
kispah
ki=spah
PL=hundred
snæm
snæm
year
hi
hi
EMPH
wa
wa
NMZ
da
da
REAL
lai
lai
go
,

nvis
ieh
i=eh
ACT=leave
ya
ya
BEN
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc

nvis
da
da
REAL
lai
lai
go
kattu
kat-tu
as-medl
mo
mo
QTAG
.
Translation`I think it's in the 1800's, the hundred years had gone, ok we'll leave what was left behind.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
yoo
yoo
see
phi
phi
2pl
ha
ha
LOC
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
sakhiat
sakhiat
be.true

nvis
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
kikhloo
ki=khloo
PL=forest
kikjam
ki=kjam
PL=Kjam
yee
yee
able
ma
ma
hon.M
i
i
1pl
wa
wa
NMZ
booh
booh
put;keep
tip
tip
know
hi
hi
EMPH
mi
mi
2sg.M.nom
'
Translation`so in this vill, who kept these forest.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
waroh
waroh
all
kawi
ka=wi
F=one
ne
ne
or
mi
mi
2sg.M.nom
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kakur
ka=kur
F=clan
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
mo
mo
QTAG
?
Translation`the vill as a whole or just the pyrtuh clañ.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Che
che
be.light
katkam
kat-kam
as-like;want
wa
wa
NMZ
tip
tip
know
o
o
1sg.nom

nvis
,
ya
ya
BEN
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
kakhloo
ka=khloo
F=forest
kakjam
ka=kjam
F=Kjam
katkam
kat-kam
as-like;want
wa
wa
NMZ
tip
tip
know
wa
wa
NMZ
pyllai
pyllai
organize
kiwaheh
ki=wah****eh
PL=river****leave

nvis
,
kakhloo
ka=khloo
F=forest

nvis
ong
ong
say
bait
bait
IMM3
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
da
da
REAL
man
man
become
chwa
chwa
before
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
booh
booh
put;keep
utæ
u=
M=nvis
unongbooh
u=nong-booh
M=ag.nmz-put;keep
nongthaw
nong-thaw
ag.nmz-place
ya
ya
BEN
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
.
Translation`no, what i knew was the forest here was managed by the elders, and as we know that the forest was made by the Creator.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Hadien
ha-dein
LOC-back
da
da
REAL
chim
chim
take
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
dæp
dæp
CPLV
yn
yn
REF

nvis

nvis
yakam
ya-kam
BEN-work
lang
lang
be.together
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
karyngkat
ka=ryngkat
RES=be.equal
wa
wa
NMZ
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
wa
wa
NMZ
kakur
ka=kur
F=clan
hi
hi
EMPH
,
ym
ym
NEG
æm
æm
have
utoh
u=toh
NF=be
du
du
only
kakur
ka=kur
F=clan
,
ym
ym
NEG
toh
toh
be
du
du
only
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
.
Translation`the village as a whole as well as the clan managed the forest not only the village not only the clan'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
yaksoh
ya-ksoh
BEN-hold
kti
kti
hand
lang
lang
be.together
waroh
waroh
all
hi
hi
EMPH
,
sumar
sumar
take.care
lang
lang
be.together
.
Translation`everyone gave a hand and took care of it.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
toh
toh
be
hi
hi
EMPH

nvis

nvis
,
Dep
dæp
CPLV
ni
ni
prox

nvis

nvis
kat
kat
as
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
æmkam
æmkam
need
læh
læh
also
ya
ya
BEN
uyoh
u=yoh
NF=get
lang
lang
be.together
hi
hi
EMPH

nvis
mo
mo
QTAG
.
Translation`and whoever needed it was given, we share it.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
to
to
ok
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
toh
toh
be
kawi
ka=wi
F=one
kabynta
ka=bynta
F=purpose
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
æmkam
æmkam
need
wa
wa
NMZ
toh
toh
be
uyasumar
u=ya-sumar
NF=BEN-take.care
lang
lang
be.together
,
khamtam
khamtam
especially
ya
ya
BEN
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kapyrthai
ka=pyrthai
F=world
kamariang
ka=mariang
F=mother.earth
wa
wa
COMT
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
ym
ym
NEG
hoi
hoi
be.well
upynjot
u=pyn-jot
NF=CAUS-destroy
pynpra
pyn-pra
CAUS-scatter
i
i
1pl
ya
ya
BEN
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kakhloo
ka=khloo
F=forest
kakjam
ka=kjam
F=Kjam
wan
wan
come
eh
eh
leave
soodong
soodong
throughout
ya
ya
BEN
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
i
i
1pl
.
yndæ
yn****
REF****hey
?
Translation`that's the most important thing for us to take care of it, especially today we should not destroy our forests around us.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
na
na
ABL
liang
liang
side
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kaniam
ka=niam
F=tradition
karukom
ka=rukom
F=way
kam
kam
like;want
ong
ong
say
noh
noh
IMM1
kaniam
ka=niam
F=tradition
kristan
kristan
christian
,

nvis
sakhiat
sakhiat
be.true
ya
ya
BEN
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kaniam
ka=niam
F=tradition
kristan
kristan
christian
toh
toh
be
æm
æm
have
hi
hi
EMPH
kong
kong
hon.F
wa
wa
NMZ
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
wan
wan
come
da
da
REAL
ki
ki
3pl

nvis
kari
ka=ri
F=country
sepngi
sepsngi
west
ne
ne
or
cheini
che-i=ni
ALL-N=prox
cha
cha
ALL
itip
i=tip
ACT=know
hi
hi
EMPH
Translation`with regards to religions and chrisianity, who started it, was it really since the comings of the people from the west.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Nga
nga
1sg.top
katkam
kat-kam
as-like;want
wa
wa
NMZ
tip
tip
know
o
o
1sg.nom

nvis
kam
kam
like;want

nvis
,
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
na
na
ABL
ri
ri
country
sepngi
sepsngi
west
wa
wa
NMZ
wan
wan
come
cheini
che-i=ni
ALL-N=prox
cha
cha
ALL
i
i
1pl
neitæ
ne-i=
ABL-N=nvis
.
Translation`as i knew it was those people coming from the west.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Pynkylla
pyn-kylla
CAUS-change
kristan
kristan
christian
mo
mo
QTAG
,
o
o
1sg.nom

nvis
jan
jan
be.near
toh
toh
be
hi
hi
EMPH
,
hadien
ha-dein
LOC-back
hadien
ha-dein
LOC-back
neitæ
ne-i=
ABL-N=nvis
wa
wa
NMZ
nang
nang
CONT
señ
seiñ
committee
nangseñ
nang****seiñ
CONT****committee
niam
niam
tradition
kitæ
ki=
PL=nvis
mo
mo
QTAG
,
kam
kam
like;want
ong
ong
say
noh
noh
IMM1

nvis
ubah
u=bah
NF=be.great
joy
joy
Joy
señ
seiñ
committee
u
u
3sg.M.nom
ya
ya
BEN
kani
ka=ni
F=prox
kaniam
ka=niam
F=tradition
Balang
balang
association
uBlai
u=blai
M=God
,
dep
dæp
CPLV
neitæ
ne-i=
ABL-N=nvis
kaniam
ka=niam
F=tradition
Roman
roman
Roman
Catholic
catholic
Catholic
terter
tær-tær
so.on
kam
kam
like;want

nvisC.TAG

****
****
ynde
yn****de
REF****neg.ints
.
Translation`they convert people to Christianity, then afterwards different beliefs came up, like Mr Joy he started Chruch Of God, then came Roman Catholic and so on.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
jar
jar
be.different
jar
jar
be.different
kajingngait
ka=jing-ngait
F=ab.NMZ-believe

nvis
kam
kam
like;want

nvis

C.TAG
mo
mo
QTAG
.
Translation`different beliefs and so oñ.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
nang
nang
CONT
de
de
neg.ints
sakhiat
sakhiat
be.true
æm
æm
have
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kalæh
ka=læh
RES=do
niam
niam
tradition
læh
læh
do
rukom
rukom
way
ha
ha
LOC
itip
i=tip
ACT=know
hi
hi
EMPH
mi
mi
2sg.M.nom
mynchwa
mynchwa
before
Translation`Q) `do you know that earlier we did have the traditional belief and custom before.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Kat
kat
as
wa
wa
NMZ
tip
tip
know
o
o
1sg.nom
heini
he-i=ni
LOC-N=prox
mynchwa
mynchwa
before
,
Translation`.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
yee
yee
able
ki
ki
3pl
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
ki
ki
3pl
ong
ong
say
bait
bait
IMM3
kitæ
ki=
PL=nvis
kam
kam
like;want
kajing
ka=jing-****
F=ab.NMZ-****
.
.
Translation`.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
kaculture
ka=culture
F=culture
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
rim
rim
be.old
tam
tam
INTS3

nvis
kammon
kammon
how
læh
læh
do
ki
ki
3pl
Translation`how did they perform the old/traditional culture.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kachad
ka=chad
RES=dance
mastieh
mastieh
dance.type
mo
mo
QTAG
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kapamkhla
ka=pam****khla
RES=cut****tiger
pamwait
pam****wait
cut****sword
æm
æm
have
mo
mo
QTAG
ym
ym
NEG
æm
æm
have
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
re
re
NEG.any
marieh
marieh
believe;assume
'
Translation`the dancing, the pamkhla pamwait ceremony was there or not.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Nga
nga
1sg.top
kam
kam
like;want
wa
wa
NMZ
tip
tip
know
o
o
1sg.nom

nvis
cheini
che-i=ni
ALL-N=prox
ha
ha
LOC
itæ
i=
N=nvis
æm
æm
have
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
re
re
NEG.any
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
bhah
bhah
cause
kat
kat
as
wa
wa
NMZ
tip
tip
know
o
o
1sg.nom

nvis
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
dang
dang
CONT
man
man
become
hindu
hindu
Hindu
ki
ki
3pl
dang
dang
CONT
man
man
become
chnong
chnong
village

nvis
du
du
only
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
ki
ki
3pl
yong
yong
GEN
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
hi
hi
EMPH
wa
wa
COMT
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
kikhyriem
ki=khynriam
PL=Khynriem
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
wan
wan
come
sohchnong
soh****chnong
fruit****village
cheini
che-i=ni
ALL-N=prox
cha
cha
ALL
chnong
chnong
village
sohmynting
sohmynting
Sohmynting
.
Translation`as far as i know, there no such belief or ceremony because the hindu or non Christians at that time were just the pyrtuh clan and the khasis who resided in this vill.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
ya
ya
BEN
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kalæhniam
ka=læh****niam
RES=do****tradition
chad
chad
dance
mastieh
mastieh
dance.type
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kawon
ka=won
F=which
kawon
ka=won
F=which
kam
kam
like;want
kiwi
ki=wi
PL=one
kichnong
ki=chnong
PL=village
kibru
ki=bru
PL=person

nvis
æm
æm
have
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
re
re
NEG.any
.
Translation`there's no such ceremony and dancing festivals like any other vill had.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Kat
kat
as
ya
ya
BEN
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kapamblang
ka=pam****blang
RES=cut****goat
kakña
ka=kña
RES=performritual
naai
na-ai
ABL-PTNL
te
te
mprox
æm
æm
have
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
,
jooh
jooh
HAB
lai
lai
go
hi
hi
EMPH
itai
i=tai
N=distal
ha
ha
LOC
lyngdoh
lyngdoh
Lyngdoh
man
man
become
ipor
i=por
N=time
wa
wa
NMZ
dang
dang
CONT
khynnah
khynnah
little.one
khian
khian
be.small
.
Translation`but the pamblang (to cut the goat's neck with a dow 'the durga puja') ceremony was there during our childhood .'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Ha
ha
LOC
khloo
khloo
forest
blai
blai
God
mo
mo
QTAG
.
'
Translation`in the sacred grove right..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
hao
ha-o
yes
,
khloo
khloo
forest
blai
blai
God
heitai
he-i=tai
LOC-N=distal
Translation`.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
toh
toh
be
sakhiat
sakhiat
be.true
hi
hi
EMPH
nga
nga
1sg.top
sñiaw
sñiaw
sense
kam
kam
like;want
wa
wa
NMZ
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
æm
æm
have

nvis
usniang
u=sniang
M=pig;pork
blai
blai
God
u
u
3sg.M.nom
wa
wa
NMZ
ri
ri
country
ki
ki
3pl
yong
yong
GEN
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh
wa
wa
NMZ
bah
bah
be.great
ne
ne
or
æm
æm
have
hi
hi
EMPH
'
Translation` is it true that there was this 'sniang blai (pig god) that the pyrtuh clan kept.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
EMPTY
EMPTY
EMPTY
Translation`EMPTY.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Kat
kat
as
ipor
i=por
N=time
yong
yong
GEN
i
i
1pl

nvis
nga
nga
1sg.top
ym
ym
NEG
æm
æm
have
liyoo
li-yoo
DUR-see
o
o
1sg.nom
oo
oo
3sg.M.top
tang
tang
but;even
wa
wa
NMZ
khana
khana
tell
ki
ki
3pl
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
æm
æm
have
hi
hi
EMPH
u
u
3sg.M.nom

C.TAG
,
kattæ
kat-
as-nvis
ipor
i=por
N=time
i
i
1pl
dang
dang
CONT
khynnah
khynnah
little.one
I
i
1pl
.
Translation`yes, but i did not see him i just heard that he was there when we were just children'.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Man
man
become
u
u
3sg.M.nom
wa
wa
NMZ
mane
mane
worship
ki
ki
3pl
u
u
3sg.M.nom

nvis
'
Translation`Did they worship him.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Ym
ym
NEG
tip
tip
know
o
o
1sg.nom
wa
wa
NMZ
mane
mane
worship
mo
mo
QTAG
kammon
kammon
how
tang
tang
but;even
wa
wa
NMZ
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
usniang
u=sniang
M=pig;pork
blai
blai
God
ne
ne
or
.
Translation`I don't know but they said he was the 'sniang blai.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
EMPTY
EMPTY
EMPTY
Translation`EMPTY.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
To
to
ok
,
ya
ya
BEN
katæ
ka=
F=nvis

nvis
man
man
become
yung
yung
home
blai
blai
God
hi
hi
EMPH
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
mo
mo
QTAG
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
kayung
ka=yung
F=home
kam
kam
like;want
ong
ong
say
nga
nga
1sg.top
jooh
jooh
HAB
sñiaw
sñiaw
sense
hi
hi
EMPH
o
o
1sg.nom
wa
wa
NMZ
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
ne
ne
or
man
man
become
katæ
ka=
F=nvis

nvis
kmai
kmai
be.great
yung
yung
home
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
ne
ne
or
,
jan
jan
be.near
hi
hi
EMPH

nvis
hi
hi
EMPH
mo
mo
QTAG
'
Translation`ok so that house was known as the 'iung blai', i heard about it it must be there only right .'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
O
o
1sg.nom
hi
hi
EMPH

nvis
hi
hi
EMPH
,
wa
wa
NMZ
kapachor
ka=pachor
F=plantain
æm
æm
have
katu
ka=tu
F=medl
kapachor
ka=pachor
F=plantain
kadooh
ka=dooh
RES=lose
kawi
ka=wi
F=one
hi
hi
EMPH
tu
tu
medl
ha
ha
LOC
kmai
kmai
be.great
yung
yung
home
,
kattæ
kat-
as-nvis
ipor
i=por
N=time
i
i
1pl
dang
dang
CONT
khynnah
khynnah
little.one
i
i
1pl

nvis
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
ym
ym
NEG
jooh
jooh
HAB
yoo
yoo
see
kha
kha
birth
khon
khon
child
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
,
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
dooh
dooh
lose
kawi
ka=wi
F=one
bait
bait
IMM3
kapachor
ka=pachor
F=plantain
yee
yee
able
khut
khut
call
ki
ki
3pl
kai
kai
flow;spill
katu
ka=tu
F=medl
.
Translation`yes there only, and there was this strange kind of plaintain that grew during that time, we were still young and haven't seen one like that, it never give birth to a another sapling, don't know what they called it..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Tip
tip
know
kaboi
ka=boi
RES=should
kapachor
ka=pachor
F=plantain
blai
blai
God

C.TAG
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
læh
læh
also
,
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
dang
dang
CONT
ngait
ngait
believe
blai
blai
God
.
Translation`who knows maybe it's the 'pachor blai' again, people during those times had beliefs in all kind of god.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
tnung
tnung
stem
du
du
only
kawi
ka=wi
F=one
kat
kat
as
wa
wa
NMZ
khliehsnem
khlieh****snæm
head****year
ulipait
u=li-pait
NF=DUR-look
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
læh
læh
also
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
ma
ma
hon.M
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
man
man
become
nga
nga
1sg.top
hadooh
ha-dooh
LOC-when
wa
wa
NMZ
ong
ong
say
o
o
1sg.nom
mai
mai
can.be
kapachor
ka=pachor
F=plantain
yee
yee
able
re
re
NEG.any
kakam
ka=kam
RES=like;want
katu
ka=tu
F=medl
tip
tip
know
ukha
u=kha
NF=birth
khon
khon
child
læh
læh
also
yoo
yoo
see
hi
hi
EMPH
re
re
NEG.any
,
yee
yee
able
yee
yee
able
læh
læh
also
æm
æm
have
hi
hi
EMPH
re
re
NEG.any
kamte
kam-te
as;like-mprox

nvis
ya
ya
BEN
ukhih
u=khih
NF=work
ki
ki
3pl
re
re
NEG.any
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
ueh
u=eh
NF=leave

D.TAG
.
Translation`only one stem it has, in my childhood i used to have a look at it and wonder what kind of a plaintain was that, why would they just let it grow, it never had any saplings.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
To
to
ok
jan
jan
be.near
kattu
kat-tu
as-medl
da
da
REAL
biang
biang
be.enough
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kajingyakhana
ka=jing-ya-khana
F=ab.NMZ-BEN-tell
parom
parom
tell.story

nvis
da
da
REAL
biang
biang
be.enough
noh
noh
IMM1
chwa
chwa
before
mo
mo
QTAG
.
Translation`ok i think now the story telling is enough for today.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
la
la
if
dang
dang
CONT
æm
æm
have
kiwon
ki=won
PL=which
kiwon
ki=won
PL=which
wa
wa
NMZ
tip
tip
know
parom
parom
tell.story

nvis
le
le
three
.
Translation`if anyone of you know some stories come here..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
yakhana
ya-khana
BEN-tell
parom
parom
tell.story
ini
i=ni
N=prox
Translation`.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
uñ
uñ
return
biang
biang
again
kachadien
ka=cha-dein
F=ALL-back
mo
mo
QTAG
,
heitæ
he-i=
LOC-N=nvis
ipor
i=por
N=time
.
.
.
Translation`.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
to
to
ok
,
to
to
ok
,
da
da
REAL
hoi
hoi
be.well
i
i
1pl
,
yap
yap
die
moo
moo
stone
yoh
yoh
get
jingmut
jing-mut
ab.NMZ-means
Translation`.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
heitæ
he-i=
LOC-N=nvis
ipor
i=por
N=time
dang
dang
CONT
sdang
sdang
begin
wan
wan
come
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
kiphawa
ki=phawa
PL=Phawa
cheini
che-i=ni
ALL-N=prox
cha
cha
ALL
samyntin
sohmynting
Sohmynting
,

nvis
pan
pan
ask
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
yong
yong
GEN
phawa
phawa
Phawa
heitai
he-i=tai
LOC-N=distal
ha
ha
LOC
yung
yung
home
kapretty
ka=pretty
F=Pretty
uchna
u=chna
NF=make
yung
yung
home
.
Translation`I'll go back to the story, at that time when the phawa clan came to sohmynting, they asked for a place to built houses near pretty's house.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
chah
chah
suffer;allow
ki
ki
3pl
re
re
NEG.any
I
i
1pl
,
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
chesh
chesh
gee
man
man
become
re
re
NEG.any
yachong
ya-chong
BEN-sit
lang
lang
be.together
,

nvis
phi
phi
2pl
chong
chong
sit
cheitai
che-i=tai
ALL-N=distal
cha
cha
ALL
wah
wah
river
yajngai
ya-jngai
BEN-be.far
dæp
dæp
CPLV
yn
yn
REF

nvis
poi
poi
arrive
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
ki
ki
3pl
yong
yong
GEN
i
i
1pl
cheini
che-i=ni
ALL-N=prox
cha
cha
ALL
madan
madan
ground
chnong
chnong
village
da
da
REAL
yoh
yoh
get
ithaw
i=thaw
N=place
wa
wa
NMZ
miat
miat
be.pretty;nice
.
Translation`they didn't let us, they said no it's not good to stay nearby, you people go down there, and then we got a nice location for building houses.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Kam
kam
like;want
ong
ong
say
dang
dang
CONT
de
de
neg.ints

nvis
bhah
bhah
cause
kam
kam
like;want
ong
ong
say
phi
phi
2pl

nvis
kam
kam
like;want
ong
ong
say
kat
kat
as
da
da
REAL
man
man
become
sohmynting
sohmynting
Sohmynting

nvis
kat
kat
as
da
da
REAL
teñ
teiñ
afraid;fear
ma
ma
hon.M
yoh
yoh
get
chirrup
chirrup
together
chirrup
chirrup
together

C.TAG
hajan
ha-jan
LOC-be.near
.
Translation`earlier there was a fear, therefore if possible we want to stay together nearby everyone..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
sñiawsuk
sñiaw****suk
sense****be.peaceful
yachong
ya-chong
BEN-sit
yasah
ya-sah
BEN-stay
.
Tangwa
tang****wa
but;even****NMZ
chah
chah
suffer;allow
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
re
re
NEG.any
ong
ong
say
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
phi
phi
2pl
chong
chong
sit
cheitai
che-i=tai
ALL-N=distal
ne
ne
or
,
cheini
che-i=ni
ALL-N=prox
cha
cha
ALL
madan
madan
ground
chnong
chnong
village
.
Translation`but we were not allowed they told us go and stay over there, here near the village field..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
kat
kat
as

nvis
ini
i=ni
N=prox
ithaw
i=thaw
N=place
wa
wa
NMZ
miat
miat
be.pretty;nice
yoh
yoh
get
ki
ki
3pl
uchong
u=chong
NF=sit
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
nabar
na-bar
ABL-outdoor
chnong
chnong
village
mo
mo
QTAG
,
kitæ
ki=
PL=nvis
yn
yn
REF
ki
ki
3pl
yong
yong
GEN
pyrtuh
pyrtuh
Pyrtuh

nvis
chong
chong
sit
ki
ki
3pl
cha
cha
ALL
khap
khap
small.tiny.corner
loom
loom
hill
khap
khap
small.tiny.corner
wah
wah
river
eh
eh
leave
.
Translation`this good location was occupied by outsiders, whereas the natives (pyrtuh) settled in the hilly region..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
kaloom
ka=loom
F=hill
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
rynchoiñ
rynchoiñ
small.hill
ne
ne
or
,
ha
ha
LOC
kawi
ka=wi
F=one
kaliang
ka=liang
F=side
yoo
yoo
see
pynngiat
pyn-ngiat
CAUS-convince;force
hi
hi
EMPH
tangwa
tang****wa
but;even****NMZ
ha
ha
LOC
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
kisngi
ki=sngi
PL=day

nvis
man
man
become
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
kachnong
ka=chnong
F=village
man
man
become
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
kathaw
ka=thaw
F=place
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc
wa
wa
NMZ
ym
ym
NEG
æm
æm
have
umiat
u=miat
NF=be.pretty;nice
,
wa
wa
NMZ
joor
joor
extremely
ikhynnia
i=khynnia
ACT=congest
.
Translation`it was a small hill, at first it was a good spot too because the it seems cool, but nowadays it is not so good at all due to congestion..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
heitæ
he-i=
LOC-N=nvis
ipor
i=por
N=time
i
i
1pl
wa
wa
NMZ
ong
ong
say
phi
phi
2pl
kabeipun
ka=beipun
F=grandmother
yong
yong
GEN
phi
phi
2pl
wan
wan
come
nyngkong
nyngkong
be.first
wan
wan
come
deibah
de-i=bah
INST-N=be.great
'
Translation`Q) `you told us that when your grandma first came here she was back carried.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Oo
oo
3sg.M.top
,
deibah
de-i=bah
INST-N=be.great
kitæ
ki=
PL=nvis
kima
ki=ma
PL=hon.M
kiwoh
ki=woh
PL=hon.M.elder
ka
ka
3sg.F.acc

C.TAG
.
Translation`yes she was back carried by her brother and uncles..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
kat
kat
as
da
da
REAL
wan
wan
come
ki
ki
3pl
da
da
REAL
man
man
become
kristan
kristan
christian
ki
ki
3pl
ne
ne
or
'
Translation`Q) `when they first came here are they Christian.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Ym
ym
NEG
pu
pu
not
æm
æm
have
,
ym
ym
NEG
pu
pu
not
æm
æm
have
uman
u=man
NF=become
kristan
kristan
christian
ki
ki
3pl
kat
kat
as
wa
wa
NMZ
wan
wan
come
ki
ki
3pl
heini
he-i=ni
LOC-N=prox
,
dang
dang
CONT
man
man
become
chnong
chnong
village
.
Translation`no no not yet Christians, they were still non Christian..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
dæp
dæp
CPLV
yn
yn
REF

nvis

nvis
manda
man****da
become****REAL
kylla
kylla
change
kristan
kristan
christian
ki
ki
3pl
ym
ym
NEG
æm
æm
have
de
de
neg.ints
uyatip
u=ya-tip
NF=BEN-know
wa
wa
COMT
kitai
ki=tai
PL=distal
kikur
ki=kur
PL=clan
wa
wa
NMZ
wan
wan
come
ki
ki
3pl
na
na
ABL
tuber
tubær
Tuber
.
Translation`when they were converted, they no longer be in contact with our clan from Tuber..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Sang
sang
taboo
kitai
ki=tai
PL=distal
kikur
ki=kur
PL=clan
i
i
1pl
na
na
ABL
Tuber
tubær
Tuber
wa
wa
NMZ
da
da
REAL
kylla
kylla
change
kristan
kristan
christian
kini
ki=ni
PL=prox
ki
ki
3pl
yong
yongi
GEN1pl
i
****
****
.
Translation`we were considered as a taboo by our clan from Tuber due to conversion..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Kat
kat
as
wa
wa
NMZ
ym
ym
NEG
pu
pu
not
æm
æm
have
kylla
kylla
change
dang
dang
CONT
yalai
ya-lai
BEN-go
yawan
ya-wan
BEN-come
phi
phi
2pl
'
Translation`q) `are you in contact prior to that.'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
O
o
1sg.nom
dang
dang
CONT
yalai
ya-lai
BEN-go
yawan
ya-wan
BEN-come
,
te
te
mprox
ste
ste
****
utæ
u=
M=nvis
uwoh
u=woh
M=hon.M.elder
soh
soh
fruit
i
i
1pl
læh
læh
also
utæ
u=
M=nvis
wa
wa
NMZ
tkoh
tkoh
be.disabled(leg)
u
u
3sg.M.nom
wa
wa
NMZ
yoh
yoh
get
niangthoh
niangthoh
spotted.infection
,
ong
ong
say
ki
ki
3pl
ki
ki
3pl
wa
wa
NMZ
yoh
yoh
get
niangthoh
niangthoh
spotted.infection
cha
cha
ALL
tuber
tubær
Tuber
deibah
de-i=bah
INST-N=be.great
.
Translation`yes, even our grand uncle was lame, he went to tuber and was lame due to the disease called 'niangthoh',..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
dæp
dæp
CPLV

nvis
poi
poi
arrive
chitai
chi-tai
one-distal
yoh
yoh
get
kaniangthoh
ka=niangthoh
F=spotted.infection
o
o
1sg.nom
,
dæp
dæp
CPLV

nvis
tkoh
tkoh
be.disabled(leg)
upli
u=pli
M=innocent
ym
ym
NEG
hoi
hoi
be.well
de
de
neg.ints
,
sohnok
sohnok
limp
sohnok
sohnok
limp
ne
ne
or
da
da
REAL
mih
mih
bring.out
wi
wi
one
naam
naam
name
wa
wa
NMZ
katæ
ka=
F=nvis
kathaw
ka=thaw
F=place
man
man
become
utæ
u=
M=nvis
usohnok
u=sohnok
NF=limp
ne
ne
or
,
wa
wa
NMZ
yoh
yoh
get
niangthoh
niangthoh
spotted.infection
o
o
1sg.nom

nvis
tkoh
tkoh
be.disabled(leg)
u
u
3sg.M.nom
.
Translation`he was lame and he and the place was named as 'sohnok (is an expression for the way a lame person walk/limp)..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss

nvis
liræp
li-ræp
DUR-cultivate
soh
soh
fruit
upli
u=pli
M=innocent
hitu
hi****tu
EMPH****medl
,
kam
kam
like;want
ong
ong
say
katni
kat-ni
as-prox
khynnah
khynnah
little.one
ym
ym
NEG
tip
tip
know
de
de
neg.ints
ki
ki
3pl
,
dang
dang
CONT
heipor
he-i=por
LOC-N=time
chare
chare
herd
masi
masi
cow
i
i
1pl
yoo
yoo
see
phi
phi
2pl

nvis
waroh
waroh
all
khynnah
khynnah
little.one
chare
chare
herd
masi
masi
cow
ym
ym
NEG
pli
pli
innocent
beh
bæh
trap.with.net
masi
masi
cow
cha
cha
ALL
sohnok
sohnok
limp
.
Translation`he lived on agriculture there, before all the cowboys said 'lets go to sohnok but the present generation children don't know about this..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
O
o
1sg.nom
nga
nga
1sg.top
læh
læh
also
jooh
jooh
HAB
sñiaw
sñiaw
sense
itæ
i=
N=nvis
wa
wa
NMZ
khut
khut
call
pyrtuit
pyrtuit
name
ki
ki
3pl

C.TAG
sohnok
sohnok
limp
tangwa
tang****wa
but;even****NMZ
ym
ym
NEG
tip
tip
know
heiwon
he-i=won
LOC-N=which

nvis
ithaw
i=thaw
N=place
.
Translation`o, even i used to heard about it but i just don't know where is this place called 'sohnok..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Katwa
kat-wa
as-NMZ
tkoh
tkoh
be.disabled(leg)
upli
u=pli
M=innocent
nong
nong
conf

nvis
lai
lai
go
unok
u=nok
NF=limp
nok
nok
limp
ne
ne
or
.
Translation`he was lame and he just limp..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Hanpaya
han****pa****ya
even****by****BEN
da
da
INST
ubru
u=bru
M=person
mo
mo
QTAG
,
nga
nga
1sg.top
mut
mut
means
o
o
1sg.nom
itæ
i=
N=nvis
ithaw
i=thaw
N=place
ne
ne
or
.
Translation`now i know it's a person i thought its just a place..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
Ong
ong
say
bait
bait
IMM3
dang
dang
CONT
de
de
neg.ints

nvis
e
e
give
naam
naam
name
ki
ki
3pl
hi
hi
EMPH
ubru
u=bru
M=person
hi
hi
EMPH
uwon
u=won
M=which
uwon
u=won
M=which
wa
wa
NMZ
yee
yee
able
ubooh
u=booh
NF=put;keep
naam
naam
name

nvis
toh
toh
be
kam
kam
like;want

nvis
sah
sah
stay
naam
naam
name
u
u
3sg.M.nom

C.TAG
.
Translation`in olden days people used to named a place after a person..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
To
to
ok
da
da
REAL
biang
biang
be.enough
ko
ko
3sg.F.nom
mo
mo
QTAG
.
Translation`its enough now..'

Word
Morpheme
Gloss
EMPTY
EMPTY
EMPTY
Translation`EMPTY

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