Interlinear glossed text KiMN_1975_ReindeerHerding_nar Recording date 1975 Speaker age 60 Speaker sex m Text genre personal narrative Extended corpus no
Audio
tabahɨttarga n t a b a h\ 1 t: a r g a taba -hɨt -tar -ga reindeer -AG -PL -DAT/LOC
ihilleteːri v i h\ i l: e t e: r i ihill -e -t -eːri be.heard -EP -CAUS -CVB.PURP
haŋarabɨn v h a N a r a b 1 n Translation Well, I am speaking, for that the reindeer herders can listen. Audio play audio
üleleːbit v y l e l e: b i t Translation I am a man who has worked a lot with reindeers earlier. Audio play audio
törüːrün v t 2 r y: r y n törüː -r -ü -n be.born -PTCP.PRS -3SG -GEN
haŋarɨ͡am v h a N a r 1a m Translation And about the birth of a reindeer I will talk now. Audio play audio
törüːrütten v t 2 r y: r y t: e n törüː -r -ü -tten give.birth -PTCP.PRS -3SG -ABL
ü͡ösküːre v y2 s k y: r e ü͡ösküː -r -e arise -PTCP.PRS -3SG.[NOM]
Translation Everything comes from the birth, the emergence of a reindeer, also of a human. Audio play audio
haŋarabɨn v h a N a r a b 1 n bugurduk adv b u g u r d u k törüːrüger v t 2 r y: r y g e r törüː -r -ü -ger give.birth -PTCP.PRS -3SG -DAT/LOC
Translation And so I talk about that when a reindeer is born. Audio play audio
Pastuːxtarga n p a s t u: x t a r g a pastuːx -tar -ga shepherd -PL -DAT/LOC
ihilleteːri v i h\ i l: e t e: r i ihill -e -t -eːri be.heard -EP -CAUS -CVB.PURP
Translation For that the shepherds can listen. Audio play audio
haŋararɨm v h a N a r a r 1 m haŋar -ar -ɨ -m speak -PTCP.PRS -EP -1SG.[NOM]
bugurdukkaːn adv b u g u r d u k: a: n bugurduk -kaːn like.this -INTNS
Translation I say so. Audio play audio
karajallar v k a r a j a l: a r karaj -al -lar care.about -PRS -3PL
Translation Now they are caring about the reindeer. Audio play audio
karaja v k a r a j a karaj -a care.about -CVB.SIM
erdekpine aux e r d e k p i n e töröːtögüne v t 2 r 2: t 2 g y n e töröː -tög -üne give.birth -TEMP -3SG
prʼičʼineleːk adj p r_j i tS_j i n e l e: k prʼičʼine -leːk reason -PROPR.[NOM]
Translation When I was caring about earlier, when a reindeer was born, there were many reasons. Audio play audio
törüːrün v t 2 r y: r y n törüː -r -ü -n be.born -PTCP.PRS -3SG -ACC
erdekpine cop e r d e k p i n e hɨldʼammɨn aux h 1 l J\ a m: 1 n hɨldʼ -am -mɨn go -CVB.SEQ -1SG
kerijeːčči v k e r i j e: t:S i kerij -eːčči go.around -PTCP.HAB
Translation The reindeer births, when I was a shepherd, I watched [them] and went around. Audio play audio
töröːn v t 2 r 2: n töröː -n give.birth -CVB.SEQ
tüherdegine v t y h\ e r d e g i n e tüher -deg -ine drop -TEMP -3SG
eŋin-eŋinnik adv e N i n e N i n: i k eŋin eŋin -nik different different -ADVZ
Translation When a reindeer gives birth and drops the calf, then reindeer are born in different ways. Audio play audio
tuguta n t u g u t a tugut -a reindeer.calf -3SG.[NOM]
tebi͡elene v t e b ie l e n e tebi͡elen -e fidget.with.legs -CVB.SIM
turbakka v t u r b a k: a tur -bakka stand.up -NEG.CVB.SIM
Translation Some reindeer lie after being born and fidget with their legs, not being able to stand up. Audio play audio
kördökkö v k 2 r d 2 k: 2 kör -dök -kö see -PTCP.COND -DAT/LOC
tugutun n t u g u t u n tugut -u -n reindeer.calf -3SG -ACC
kördökkö v k 2 r d 2 k: 2 kör -dök -kö see -PTCP.COND -DAT/LOC
Translation When looking at the mother and it is fat, then also the calf is very big, when looking at it. Audio play audio
tebi͡elene v t e b ie l e n e tebi͡elen -e fidget.with.legs -CVB.SIM
ergičiti͡ekke v e r g i tS i t ie k: e ergiči -t -i͡ek -ke turn -CAUS -PTCP.FUT -DAT/LOC
Translation Such [a calf], which lies and fidgets with its legs, has to be turned. Audio play audio
Ergičiten v e r g i tS i t e n ergiči -t -en turn -CAUS -CVB.SEQ
kördökkö v k 2 r d 2 k: 2 kör -dök -kö try -PTCP.COND -DAT/LOC
turbat v t u r b a t tur -bat stand.up -NEG.[3SG]
ɨbaktɨ͡akka v 1 b a X t 1a k: a ɨbakt -ɨ͡ak -ka massage -PTCP.FUT -DAT/LOC
ɨbaktɨ͡akka v 1 b a X t 1a k: a ɨbakt -ɨ͡ak -ka massage -PTCP.FUT -DAT/LOC
Translation When trying to turn it and thinking "why doesn't it stand up", one has to massage it, one has to massage its belly. Audio play audio
töröːtögüne v t 2 r 2: t 2 g y n e töröː -tög -üne give.birth -TEMP -3SG
kiːnneːk adj k i: n: e: k kiːn -neːk navel -PROPR.[NOM]
bu͡olaːččɨ cop b uo l a: t:S 1 Translation When a reindeer gives birth, then the calf has its own navel. Audio play audio
hubujaːččɨ v h u b u j a: t:S 1 hubuj -aːččɨ pull -HAB.[3SG]
Translation Something reindeer pull this navel. Audio play audio
hubulunnagɨna v h u b u l u n: a G 1 n a hubu -lun -nag -ɨna pull -PASS/REFL -TEMP -3SG
Translation If the navel is pulled out there, out of the inside, there emerges a hole, air comes out. Audio play audio
Mu͡otunan n m uo t u n a n mu͡ot -u -nan thread -EP -INSTR
baːjdakka v b a: j d a k: a baːj -dak -ka tie -PTCP.COND -DAT/LOC
keleːčči aux k e l e: t:S i Translation If one ties it up strongly with a rope, this reindeer, this calf, then it stands up. Audio play audio
Translation That means that is pulls out the navel. Audio play audio
tugutun n t u g u t u n tugut -u -n reindeer.calf -3SG -GEN
prʼičʼinete n p r_j i tS_j i n e t e prʼičʼine -te reason -3SG.[NOM]
töröːtögüne v t 2 r 2: t 2 g y n e töröː -tög -üne give.birth -TEMP -3SG
Translation That happens when the reindeer, the calf is born for some reason. Audio play audio
prʼičʼineleːk adj p r_j i tS_j i n e l e: k prʼičʼine -leːk reason -PROPR.[NOM]
Translation Then there is still a reason – weakness. Audio play audio
Translation The reindeer is born, its mother is agile. Audio play audio
tuguta n t u g u t a tugut -a reindeer.calf -3SG.[NOM]
töröːtögüne v t 2 r 2: t 2 g y n e töröː -tög -üne be.born -TEMP -3SG
aːttanaːččɨ v a: t: a n a: t:S 1 aːt -tan -aːččɨ name -VBZ -HAB.[3SG]
Translation When a reindeer calf is born like that, then it is called "dyapchu". Audio play audio
tuguta n t u g u t a tugut -a reindeer.calf -3SG.[NOM]
turaːččɨta v t u r a: t:S 1 t a tur -aːččɨ -ta stand -PTCP.HAB -3SG
Translation The reindeer calf also doesn't stand up. Audio play audio
ergičiten v e r g i tS i t e n ergiči -t -en turn -CAUS -CVB.SEQ
kördökkö v k 2 r d 2 k: 2 kör -dök -kö try -PTCP.COND -DAT/LOC
tebi͡elene v t e b ie l e n e tebi͡elen -e fidget.with.legs -CVB.SIM
Translation Why trying to turn this reindeer calf, it is very weak, it just lies and fidgets with its legs. Audio play audio
imerijdekke v i m e r i j d e k: e imerij -dek -ke stroke -PTCP.COND -DAT/LOC
töröːtögüne v t 2 r 2: t 2 g y n e töröː -tög -üne be.born -TEMP -3SG
Translation When one keeps this calf on the back and strokes its breast, it's the breast of a "dyapchu", when a reindeer calf is born, then the bones are soft. Audio play audio
imerijdekke v i m e r i j d e k: e j imerij -dek -ke stroke -PTCP.COND -DAT/LOC
tura-tura v t u r a t u r a tur -a tur -a stand.up -CVB.SIM stand.up -CVB.SIM
hɨldʼaːččɨ aux h 1 l J\ a: t:S 1 tɨːnnagɨna v t 1: n: a G 1 n a tɨːn -nag -ɨna breath -TEMP -3SG
Translation When one strokes over its breast, then it goes up and down, when it is breathing. Audio play audio
emneri͡ekke v e m n e r ie k: e em -ner -i͡ek -ke suck -CAUS -PTCP.FUT -DAT/LOC
ilbijbitin v i l b i j b i t i n ilbij -bit -i -n sweep -PTCP.PST -3SG -ACC
emeːččite v e m e: t:S i t e em -eːčči -te suck -PTCP.HAB -3SG
Translation Having caught the mother, one has to make her suckle, after having stroked the breast of the calf, it can't suck. Audio play audio
ɨ͡astaːk adj 1a s t a: X ɨ͡as -taːk tree.resin -PROPR.[NOM]
lampagar adj l a m p a G a r lampagar thick.and.short.[NOM]
Translation Then the mother's breast is like with tree resin, thick and short. Audio play audio
Translation This tree resin is pressed out by the human. Audio play audio
kellegine v k e l: e g i n e emnereːčči v e m n e r e: t:S i em -ner -eːčči suck -CAUS -HAB.[3SG]
emnerdegine v e m n e r d e g i n e em -ner -deg -ine suck -CAUS -TEMP -3SG
Translation After having pressed it out, when liquid milk is coming, then it [the mother] lets it suck, when it is suckled, then this calf survives. Audio play audio
Pastuːktar n p a s t u: k t a r pastuːk -tar shepherd -PL.[NOM]
köhöllör v k 2 h\ 2 l: 2 r köh -öl -lör nomadize -PRS -3PL
Translation The shepherds nomadize. Audio play audio
töröːtögüne v t 2 r 2: t 2 g y n e töröː -tög -üne give.birth -TEMP -3SG
törüːlik v t 2 r y: l i k tör -üː lik give.birth -CVB.SIM not.yet
illeːččiler v i l: e: t:S i l e r ill -eːčči -ler take.away -HAB -3PL
Translation When many reindeer calve, then one takes those reindeer away, which never have calved. Audio play audio
Töröːbüt v t 2 r 2: b y t töröː -büt give.birth -PTCP.PST
tuguta n t u g u t a tugut -a reindeer.calf -3SG.[NOM]
tühü͡ör aux t y h\ y2 r tüh -ü͡ö -r fall -PTCP.FUT.[3SG] -DAT/LOC
kaːmpatɨn v k a: m p a t 1 n kaːm -pat -ɨ -n walk -NEG.PTCP -3SG -ACC
keːheller v k e: h\ e l: e r Translation The reindeer, which have calved, and the calves, as long as they haven't grown up, are left behind, because they don't run yet. Audio play audio
keːhiːleriger n k e: h\ i: l e r i g e r keːh -iː -leri -ger let -NMNZ -3PL -DAT/LOC
u͡ontan cardnum uo n t a n hüːrbečče cardnum h y: r b e t:S e töröːbütün v t 2 r 2: b y t y n töröː -büt -ü -n give.birth -PTCP.PST -3SG -ACC
törüːlik v t 2 r y: l i k tör -üː lik give.birth -CVB.SIM not.yet
illi͡ekke v i l: ie k: e ill -i͡ek -ke take.away -PTCP.FUT -DAT/LOC
Translation If one leaves them behind, after more then ten, approx. twenty reindeer have calved, one has to take away the reindeer, which have not yet calved. Audio play audio
illerge v i l: e r g e ill -er -ge take.away -PTCP.PRS -DAT/LOC
töröːbüt v t 2 r 2: b y t töröː -büt give.birth -PTCP.PST
tuguttaːkka n t u g u t: a: k: a tugut -taːk -ka calf -PROPR -DAT/LOC
Translation When one takes away these reindeer, some shepheds stay with the reindeer, which have calved, and with the calves. Audio play audio
törüːlik v t 2 r y: l i k tör -üː lik give.birth -CVB.SIM not.yet
iller v i l: e r ill -er take.away -PRS.[3SG]
Translation Some shepherds bring the reindeer, which have not calved yet, away. Audio play audio
illeriger v i l: e r i g e r ill -er -i -ger take.away -PTCP.PRS -3SG -DAT/LOC
ahatan v a h\ a t a n ah -a -t -an eat -EP -CAUS -CVB.SEQ
albɨnnaːn v a l b 1 n: a: n albɨn -naː -n deception -VBZ -CVB.SEQ
kiːlleren v k i: l: e r e n kiːl -ler -en go.in -CAUS -CVB.SEQ
bararɨn v b a r a r 1 n bar -ar -ɨ -n go -PTCP.PRS -3SG -ACC
köllörbökkö v k 2 l: 2 r b 2 k: 2 köllör -bökkö show -NEG.CVB.SIM
tuguttaːk adj t u g u t: a: X tɨhɨnɨ n t 1 h\ 1 n 1 tɨhɨ -nɨ female.reindeer -ACC
Translation When they are brought away, one feeds and betrays them, one brings them to a protected place, not showing them, that the herd is going, to the reindeer cows with calves… Audio play audio
hannʼɨhan v h a n: 1 h\ a n hannʼɨ -h -an regret -RECP/COLL -CVB.SEQ
tugutun n t u g u t u n tugut -u -n reindeer.calf -3SG -ACC
keːheːčči v k e: h\ e: t:S i ü͡örüger n y2 r y g e r ü͡ör -ü -ger herd -3SG -DAT/LOC
talahan v t a l a h\ a n tal -a -h -an choose -EP -RECP/COLL -CVB.SEQ
Translation Sometimes a reindeer leaves behind its calf in order to not stay behind, and follows the herd. Audio play audio
ahata v a h\ a t a ah -a -t -a eat -EP -CAUS -CVB.SIM
topputun v t o p: u t u n top -put -u -n eat.ones.fill -PTCP.PST -3SG -ACC
hɨtarɨgar aux h 1 t a r 1 g a r hɨt -ar -ɨ -gar lie -PTCP.PRS -3SG -DAT/LOC
törüːlik v t 2 r y: l i k tör -üː lik give.birth -CVB.SIM not.yet
tabatɨn n t a b a t 1 n taba -tɨ -n reindeer -3SG -ACC
köhördön v k 2 h\ 2 r d 2 n iller v i l: e r ill -er take.away -PRS.[3SG]
Translation When one is feeding them and they are ruminating, then one drives the reindeer away, which have not yet calved. Audio play audio
köhörtöktörüne v k 2 h\ 2 r t 2 k t 2 r y n e köhör -tök -törüne convey -TEMP -3PL
pastuːktar n p a s t u: k t a r pastuːk -tar shepherd -PL.[NOM]
baraːččɨlar v b a r a: t:S 1 l a r Translation When driving them away, some shepherds go far away. Audio play audio
bardaktarɨna v b a r d a X t a r 1 n a bar -dak -tarɨna go -TEMP -3PL
harsɨŋŋɨtɨn n h a r s 1 N: 1 t 1 n harsɨŋŋɨ -tɨ -n next.morning -3SG -ACC
törüːlik v t 2 r y: l i k tör -üː lik give.birth -CVB.SIM not.yet
tabalaːkka n t a b a l a: k: a taba -laːk -ka reindeer -PROPR -DAT/LOC
kennikiːtin adj k e n: i X i: t i n kenni -kiː -ti -n back -ADJZ -3SG -ACC
pastuːktarɨn n p a s t u: k t a r 1 n pastuːk -tarɨ -n shepherd -3PL -ACC
töröːbüt v t 2 r 2: b y t töröː -büt give.birth -PTCP.PST
tɨhɨlaːktarɨn n t 1 h\ 1 l a: X t a r 1 n tɨhɨ -laːk -tarɨ -n female.reindeer -PROPR -3PL -ACC
pastuːkta n p a s t u: k t a pastuːk -ta shepherd -3SG.[NOM]
pastuːktarga n p a s t u: k t a r g a pastuːk -tar -ga shepherd -PL -DAT/LOC
illeːriler v i l: e: r i l e r ill -eːri -ler take.away -CVB.PURP -3PL
köhöllörüger v k 2 h\ 2 l: 2 r y g e r köh -öl -lörü -ger nomadize -PTCP.PRS -3PL -DAT/LOC
tijeːččite v t i j e: t:S i t e tij -eːčči -te reach -PTCP.HAB -3SG
Translation If they go far away, in the next morning the calves and the reindeer which have not yet calved, the shepherds, to take those to the shepherds, who have gone away, when they are nomadizing, the reindeer don't reach them. Audio play audio
tühü͡ökke v t y h\ y2 k: e tüh -ü͡ök -ke fall -PTCP.FUT -DAT/LOC
Translation Therefore one stops very closely, after having looked around. Audio play audio
bu͡ollagɨna ptcl b uo l: a G 1 n a pastuːktar n p a s t u: k t a r pastuːk -tar shepherd -PL.[NOM]
kalkalaːk adj k a l k a l a: X kalka -laːk protection -PROPR
hɨldʼallar v h 1 l J\ a l: a r hɨldʼ -al -lar drive -PRS -3PL
Translation And then these shepherds always drive along protected places. Audio play audio
törötörüger v t 2 r 2 t 2 r y g e r tör -ö -t -ör -ü -ger give.birth -EP -CAUS -PTCP.PRS -3SG -DAT/LOC
kalkalaːk adj k a l k a l a: X kalka -laːk protection -PROPR
ohuːrdaːk adj o h\ u: r d a: X kajalardaːk adj k a j a l a r d a: X kaja -lar -daːk mountain -PL -PROPR
hirderinen n h i r d e r i n e n hir -der -i -nen place -PL -EP -INSTR
ürekterdeːk adj y r e k t e r d e: k ürek -ter -deːk river -PL -PROPR
hirderinen n h i r d e r i n e n hir -der -i -nen place -PL -EP -INSTR
Translation The route for the calving of the reindeer is chosen along protected places, forested places, mountainous places and places with rivers. Audio play audio
bɨstaːččɨ v b 1 s t a: t:S 1 bɨst -aːččɨ come.to.an.end -HAB.[3SG]
Translation This big snowdrift breaks off. Audio play audio
bɨhɨnnagɨna v b 1 h\ 1 n: a G 1 n a bɨhɨn -nag -ɨna being.blown.away -TEMP -3SG
törüːrün v t 2 r y: r y n törüː -r -ü -n give.birth -PTCP.PRS -3SG -ACC
hɨrdaːtagɨna v h 1 r d a: t a G 1 n a hɨrdaː -tag -ɨna get.light -TEMP -3SG
bɨstɨbɨt v b 1 s t 1 b 1 t bɨst -ɨ -bɨt being.blown.away -EP -PTCP.PST
Translation When it breaks off, in spring, when the reindeer are calving, when the days are getting light, in winter the broken off snowdrift opens. Audio play audio
Translation That means that there is a precipice. Audio play audio
ihiger n i h\ i g e r ih -i -ger inside -3SG -DAT/LOC
tüspütün v t y s p y t y n tüs -püt -ü -n fall -PTCP.PST -3SG -ACC
Translation The reindeer get lost without a trace, a shepherd doesn't notice a reindeer which has fallen into the precipice, when he is guarding, that some reindeer have fallen in. Audio play audio
hu͡oktaːbat v h uo k t a: b a t hu͡oktaː -bat miss -NEG.[3SG]
Translation So he is not missing it either. Audio play audio
hütere v h y t e r e hüt -er -e get.lost -PTCP.PRS -3SG.[NOM]
Translation Like that a reindeer gets lost without a trace. Audio play audio
brʼigadʼiːrder n b r_j i g a J\ i: r d e r brʼigadʼiːr -der brigade.leader -PL.[NOM]
pastuːktar n p a s t u: k t a r pastuːk -tar shepherd -PL.[NOM]
törüːrün v t 2 r y: r y n törüː -r -ü -n give.birth -PTCP.PRS -3SG -ACC
irerin v i r e r i n ir -er -i -n melt -PTCP.PRS -3SG -ACC
üčügejdik adv y tS y g e j d i k hirderin n h i r d e r i n körü͡ökterin v k 2 r y2 k t e r i n kör -ü͡ök -teri -n see -PTCP.FUT -3PL -ACC
Translation Therefore the brigade leaders or the shepherds, when the reindeer are calving in spring… when the snow is melting, they have to watch the surrounding well. Audio play audio
kajdɨbɨta v k a j d 1 b 1 t a kajd -ɨ -bɨt -a tear -EP -PTCP.PST -3SG.[NOM]
bu͡ollagɨna cop b uo l: a G 1 n a tibillen v t i b i l: e n tib -i -ll -en flurry -EP -PASS/REFL -CVB.SEQ
kaːlaːččɨ aux k a: l a: t:S 1 Translation [A place], where a snowdrift is broken off, is drifted over in a snowstorm. Audio play audio
tibillibitin v t i b i l: i b i t i n tib -i -ll -i -bit -i -n flurry -EP -PASS/REFL -EP -PTCP.PST -3SG -ACC
Translation After that, being drifted over, the reindeer don't see it and fall [in]. Audio play audio
tüstegine v t y s t e g i n e bi͡estü͡ört cardnum b ie s t y2 r t mʼetʼirdeːk adj m_j e c i r d e: k diriŋneːk adj d i r i N n e: k diriŋ -neːk depth -PROPR.[NOM]
bu͡olaːččɨ cop b uo l a: t:S 1 Translation When it falls in, then the precipice is four, five meters deep. Audio play audio
bɨstɨbɨt v b 1 s t 1 b 1 t bɨst -ɨ -bɨt being.blown.away -EP -PST2.[3SG]
Translation The snow is blown away. Audio play audio
bulbakka v b u l b a k: a bul -bakka find -NEG.CVB.SIM
Translation Therefore one doesn't find such and the reindeer gets lost without a trace. Audio play audio
ürekteːk adj y r e k t e: k hirderge n h i r d e r g e hir -der -ge place -PL -DAT/LOC
bu͡ollagɨna ptcl b uo l: a G 1 n a karadʼɨktaːtagɨna v k a r a J\ 1 k t a: t a G 1 n a karadʼɨk -taː -tag -ɨna thawed.patch -VBZ -TEMP -3SG
ürekteːk adj y r e k t e: k Translation Then at places with rivers, when thawed patches are emerging, then the route is never along rivers. Audio play audio
ɨkkardɨta n 1 k: a r d 1 t a ɨkkardɨ -ta space.in.between -3SG.[NOM]
tüheːčči v t y h\ e: t:S i Translation The space between snow and mountains also opens, so also [there] calves or big reindeer fall [in]. Audio play audio
pastuːktar n p a s t u: k t a r pastuːk -tar shepherd -PL.[NOM]
hajɨnnara n h a j 1 n: a r a hajɨn -nara summer -3PL.[NOM]
čugahaːtagɨna v tS u g a h\ a: t a G 1 n a čugahaː -tag -ɨna come.closer -TEMP -3SG
haːskɨlarɨgar adj h a: s k 1 l a r 1 g a r haːs -kɨ -larɨ -gar spring -ADJZ -3PL -DAT/LOC
uːčaktarɨn n u: tS a X t a r 1 n uːčak -tarɨ -n riding.reindeer -3PL -ACC
karammattar v k a r a m: a t: a r kara -m -mat -tar care.about -MED -NEG -3PL
künüktetin n k y n y k t e t i n künükte -ti -n horse.fly -3SG -ACC
tonoːbottor v t o n o: b o t: o r tonoː -bot -tor tear.off -NEG -3PL
Translation Und these shepherds, when summer is coming in spring, then they can't care for the riding reindeer, they don't remove the horse flies. Audio play audio
künüktetin n k y n y k t e t i n künükte -ti -n horse.fly -3SG -ACC
tonoːtoktoruna v t o n o: t o X t o r u n a tonoː -tok -toruna tear.off -TEMP -3PL
künüktetin n k y n y k t e t i n künükte -ti -n horse.fly -3SG -ACC
tonoːtoktoruna v t o n o: t o X t o r u n a tonoː -tok -toruna tear.off -TEMP -3PL
ohor v o h\ o r oh -or get.better -PRS.[3SG]
Translation When one removes the horse flies in spring, when one removes those horse flies, then these horse flies [i.e. the wounds] will heal. Audio play audio
Bejete emphpro b e j e t e tagɨstagɨna v t a G 1 s t a G 1 n a tagɨs -tag -ɨna go.out -TEMP -3SG
bejete emphpro b e j e t e tühüːr v t y h\ y: r tüh -üː -r fall -PTCP.FUT.[3SG] -DAT/LOC
hɨrɨttagɨna aux h 1 r 1 t: a G 1 n a kuhagan adj k u h\ a g a n Translation When the horse fly grows in spring and comes out of the fur itself, when it tears off itself, until it falls down, then it is also bad for the reindeer. Audio play audio
künükteni n k y n y k t e n i bütejdiː adv b y t e j d i: miːne-miːneler v m i: n e m i: n e l e r miːn -e miːn -e -ler mount -CVB.SIM mount -CVB.SIM -3PL
ünere v y n e r e ün -er -e crawl -PTCP.PRS -3SG.[NOM]
Translation Some horse flies completely, when mounting it, it is bad for the reindeer. Audio play audio
Translation Some shepherds even can't harness reindeer. Audio play audio
Pabudu͡oktara n p a b u d uo k t a r a pabudu͡ok -tara rein -3PL.[NOM]
bɨhɨnna v b 1 h\ 1 n: a bɨhɨn -a being.blown.away -3SG
aːllarallar v a: l: a r a l: a r aːllar -al -lar cut.through -PRS -3PL
Translation The reins break off, then it chafes the reindeer's groin. Audio play audio
aːllardaktarɨna v a: l: a r d a X t a r 1 n a aːllar -dak -tarɨna cut.through -TEMP -3PL
bu͡olaːččɨ cop b uo l a: t:S 1 Translation If it chafes at the groin, then it becomes a wound in summer. Audio play audio
PAUSE v h u t u: r a һutuː -r -a become.sick -PTCP.PRS -3SG.[NOM]
Translation So the reindeer becomes sick. Audio play audio
kuturugun n k u t u r u g u n Translation Then they are piercing the reindeer's tail. Audio play audio
kuturugun n k u t u r u g u n astaktarɨna v a s t a X t a r 1 n a as -tak -tarɨna push -TEMP -3PL
Translation If the tail is pierced, then in winter in the cold no meat grows at this reindeer [i.e. the wound remains open]. Audio play audio
köhöllör v k 2 h\ 2 l: 2 r köh -öl -lör nomadize -PRS -3PL
Translation Then in summer, when it is warm, they nomadize. Audio play audio
köstöktörüne v k 2 s t 2 k t 2 r y n e kös -tök -törüne nomadize -TEMP -3PL
köstöktörüne v k 2 s t 2 k t 2 r y n e kös -tök -törüne nomadize -TEMP -3PL
ürekteːk adj y r e k t e: k hirderinen n h i r d e r i n e n hir -der -i -nen place -PL -EP -INSTR
Translation And nomadizing, nomadizing in the warmth, one goes along places with rivers. Audio play audio
ürekteːk adj y r e k t e: k kajalarga n k a j a l a r g a kaja -lar -ga mountain -PL -DAT/LOC
tu͡ojdaːk adj t uo j d a: X tu͡oj -daːk clay -PROPR.[NOM]
bu͡olaːččɨ cop b uo l a: t:S 1 Translation In the high mountains with rivers it is clayey. Audio play audio
herejde v h e r e j d e herej -d -e recognise -PST1 -3SG
istekke aux i s t e k: e is -tek -ke go -PTCP.COND -DAT/LOC
istekterinen aux i s t e k t e r i n e n is -tek -terinen go -TEMP -3PL
Translation Regardless of the heat, a reindeer notices this clay and goes to the mountains, while nomadizing, even when driving them. Audio play audio
pastuːktar n p a s t u: k t a r pastuːk -tar shepherd -PL.[NOM]
külse-külse v k y l s e X y l s e kül -s -e kül -s -e laugh -RECP/COLL -CVB.SIM laugh -RECP/COLL -CVB.SIM
kaːlallar aux k a: l a l: a r Translation And then shepherds, without noticing the mountain, they take their dogs and drive around laughing. Audio play audio
Translation Here more than fifteen or twenty-five reindeer stay. Audio play audio
kaːlbɨtɨn v k a: l b 1 t 1 n kaːl -bɨt -ɨ -n stay -PTCP.PST -3SG -ACC
öjdöːböttör v 2 j d 2: b 2 t: 2 r öjdöː -böt -tör notice -NEG -3PL
Translation They don't notice that they have stayed there. Audio play audio
Huːrka n h u: r k a huːr -ka temporary.settlement -DAT/LOC
tühenner v t y h\ e n: e r tüh -en -ner fall -CVB.SEQ -3PL
Translation When they come to the station, the next man is guarding. Audio play audio
köhölleriger v k 2 h\ 2 l: e r i g e r köh -öl -leri -ger nomadize -PRS -3PL -DAT/LOC
ugučaːga n u g u tS a: G a ugučaːg -a riding.reindeer -3SG.[NOM]
tabalarga n t a b a l a r g a taba -lar -ga reindeer -PL -DAT/LOC
ugučaga n u g u tS a G a ugučag -a riding.reindeer -3SG.[NOM]
Translation Then, when nomadizing, the man who just was guarding, his riding reindeer stayed with those reindeer at the mountain, a riding reindeer. Audio play audio
Harsɨŋŋɨtɨn n h a r s 1 N: 1 t 1 n harsɨŋŋɨ -tɨ -n next.morning -3SG -ACC
köhöllör v k 2 h\ 2 l: 2 r köh -öl -lör nomadize -PRS -3PL
Translation In the next morning they nomadize again. Audio play audio
kihiler n k i h\ i l e r kihi -ler human.being -PL.[NOM]
ketiːller v k e t i: l: e r Translation After nomadizing the next people guard. Audio play audio
huːrka n h u: r k a huːr -ka temporary.settlement -DAT/LOC
artɨnnaːk adv a r t 1 n: a: X uːčagɨn n u: tS a G 1 n uːčag -ɨ -n riding.reindeer -3SG -ACC
Translation There, when the man, who has guarded at the last station, goes out for guarding, he misses his riding reindeer. Audio play audio
Harsi͡erde n h a r s ie r d e Translation In the morning, when he comes, he says: Audio play audio
mini͡ene posspr m i n ie n e uːčagɨm n u: tS a G 1 m uːčag -ɨ -m riding.reindeer -EP -1SG.[NOM]
Translation "Oh, my riding reindeer is not there. Audio play audio
huːrka n h u: r k a huːr -ka temporary.settlement -DAT/LOC
körbötögüm v k 2 r b 2 t 2 g y m kör -bötög -ü -m see -PST2.NEG -EP -1SG
huːrpar n h u: r p a r huːr -pa -r temporary.settlement -1SG -DAT/LOC
huːrka n h u: r k a huːr -ka temporary.settlement -DAT/LOC
ketiːrber v k e t i: r b e r ketiː -r -be -r guard -PTCP.PRS -1SG -DAT/LOC
hɨldʼɨbɨt aux h 1 l J\ 1 b 1 t hɨldʼ -ɨ -bɨt go -EP -PTCP.PST
Translation Already there at the station I haven't seen it, at the recent station, at the distant station, when I was guarding, the reindeer which I was riding was there." Audio play audio
huːrka n h u: r k a huːr -ka temporary.settlement -DAT/LOC
huːrtarɨgar n h u: r t a r 1 g a r huːr -tarɨ -gar temporary.settlement -3PL -DAT/LOC
huːrdarɨgar n h u: r d a r 1 g a r huːr -darɨ -gar temporary.settlement -3PL -DAT/LOC
Translation "Indeed it seems to have stayed at the station", they say, when they come from the search at this station, the station, from where they have started today. Audio play audio
tabalarɨ n t a b a l a r 1 taba -lar -ɨ reindeer -PL -ACC
köskö n k 2 s k 2 kös -kö reindeer.caravan -DAT/LOC
tabalarɨ n t a b a l a r 1 taba -lar -ɨ reindeer -PL -ACC
huːrka n h u: r k a huːr -ka temporary.settlement -DAT/LOC
kördüːller v k 2 r d y: l: e r kördüː -l -ler search -PRS -3PL
Translation The reindeer, who stayed behind at the last caravan, they are searching at this station. Audio play audio
huːrka n h u: r k a huːr -ka temporary.settlement -DAT/LOC
ugučaga n u g u tS a G a ugučag -a riding.reindeer -3SG.[NOM]
Translation There at the distant station the riding reindeer of the guarding shepherd has stayed, on that mountain. Audio play audio
öjdüːller v 2 j d y: l: e r öjdüː -l -ler remember -PRS -3PL
Translation They do remember a single reindeer. Audio play audio
u͡ontan cardnum uo n t a n Translation They have stayed more than ten reindeer. Audio play audio
hütere v h y t e r e hüt -er -e get.lost -PRS -3SG.[NOM]
Translation Therefore the reindeer got lost without a trace – like that. Audio play audio
eŋin-eŋin adj e N i n e N i n eŋin eŋin different different.[NOM]
bu͡olaːččɨ cop b uo l a: t:S 1 Translation Then the years are different. Audio play audio
Itiːli͡ek v i t i: l ie k itiː -l -i͡ek warm -VBZ -PTCP.FUT
bu͡olaːččɨ aux b uo l a: t:S 1 Translation It can be hot. Audio play audio
pastuːktar n p a s t u: k t a r pastuːk -tar shepherd -PL.[NOM]
karajbattar v k a r a j b a t: a r karaj -bat -tar care.about -NEG -3PL
Translation In the heat today's shepherds also can't care about the reindeer. Audio play audio
Karajbattara v k a r a j b a t: a r a karaj -bat -tara care.about -NEG -3PL
Translation Do they care anything?! Audio play audio
halgɨndʼɨt n h a l g 1 n J\ 1 t bu͡olaːččɨ cop b uo l a: t:S 1 Translation In the heat the reindeer is following the wind. Audio play audio
Halgɨndʼɨt n h a l g 1 n J\ 1 t Translation A reindeer which follows the wind is called "halgɨndʼɨt". Audio play audio
ahɨ͡ar v a h\ 1a r ah -ɨ͡a -r pass.by -PTCP.FUT.[3SG] -DAT/LOC
baːjaːččɨ v b a: j a: t:S 1 Translation This reindeer following the wind, until the heat is over, a man is tied to the reindeer. Audio play audio
keteːtekterine v k e t e: t e k t e r i n e keteː -tek -terine guard -TEMP -3PL
tijeːččite v t i j e: t:S i t e tij -eːčči -te be.enough -PTCP.HAB -3SG
Translation When guarding reindeer, the human strength is not enough in the heat. Audio play audio
gɨmmattar v g 1 m: a t: a r Translation The wind ((…)) they don't do. Audio play audio
Harsi͡erde n h a r s ie r d e egelelleriger v e g e l e l: e r i g e r egel -el -leri -ger bring -PTCP.PRS -3PL -DAT/LOC
pastuːkka n p a s t u: k: a pastuːk -ka shepherd -DAT/LOC
tuttarallarɨgar v t u t: a r a l: a r 1 g a r tuttar -al -larɨ -gar hand -PTCP.PRS -3PL -DAT/LOC
kɨ͡ajɨ͡akpɨt v k 1a j 1a k p 1 t kɨ͡aj -ɨ͡ak -pɨt can -FUT -1PL
gɨnɨ͡aktarɨn v g 1 n 1a k t a r 1 n gɨn -ɨ͡ak -tarɨ -n make -PTCP.FUT -3PL -ACC
dʼi͡elere n J\ ie l e r e dʼi͡e -lere house -3PL.[NOM]
Translation When getting them in the morning and giving them to the next shepherd, thinking "we don't make it", one never sends against the wind, for that the houses are leeward. Audio play audio
kɨ͡ajbakka v k 1a j b a k: a kɨ͡aj -bakka can -NEG.CVB.SIM
kellegine v k e l: e g i n e dʼi͡etiger n J\ ie t i g e r dʼi͡e -ti -ger house -3SG -DAT/LOC
kepterdegine v k e p t e r d e g i n e kep -ter -deg -ine push -CAUS -TEMP -3SG
dʼi͡eteːgilere n J\ ie t e: g i l e r e dʼi͡e -teːgi -lere house -ADJZ -3PL.[NOM]
turannar v t u r a n: a r tur -an -nar stand.up -CVB.SEQ -3PL
kömölöhönnör v k 2 m 2 l 2 h\ 2 n: 2 r kömölöh -ön -nör help -CVB.SEQ -3PL
Translation If the reindeer comes against the wind and doesn't make it, then it runs into its house, then the inhabitants stand up and help. Audio play audio
kɨ͡ajallar v k 1a j a l: a r Translation They one wins against the reindeer. Audio play audio
giniler pers g i n i l e r haːskɨttan adj h a: s k 1 t: a n haːs -kɨ -ttan spring -ADJZ -ABL
iligine ptcl i l i g i n e haŋardɨː adv h a N a r d 1: tüheriger v t y h\ e r i g e r tüh -er -i -ger fall -PTCP.PRS -3SG -DAT/LOC
itiːrgiːriger v i t i: r g i: r i g e r itiːrgiː -r -i -ger feel -PTCP.PRS -3SG -DAT/LOC
ü͡öreti͡ekterin v y2 r e t ie k t e r i n ü͡öret -i͡ek -teri -n teach -PTCP.FUT -3PL -ACC
iligine ptcl i l i g i n e Translation Then, when the warmth of the spring hasn't come yet, when the warmth is just coming and the reindeer is feeling it, one has to accustom the reindeer to smoke, as long as the big heat hasn't come. Audio play audio
Translation It sees smoke and in any heat the reindeer… Audio play audio
Dʼi͡eteːgilere n J\ ie t e: g i l e r e dʼi͡e -teːgi -lere house -ADJZ -3PL.[NOM]
pastuːktar n p a s t u: k t a r pastuːk -tar shepherd -PL.[NOM]
baraːrɨlar v b a r a: r 1 l a r bar -aːrɨ -lar go -CVB.PURP -3PL
haŋarɨ͡ak v h a N a r 1a k tustaːktar aux t u s t a: X t a r Translation The inhabitants, for that the shepherds will go in the heat, have to say: Audio play audio
bu͡ollagɨna cop b uo l: a G 1 n a Translation "Well, when the heat comes, be careful and sleep. Audio play audio
Buru͡olataːrɨŋ v b u r uo l a t a: r 1 N buru͡o -l -a -t -aːr -ɨ -ŋ smoke -VBZ -EP -CAUS -FUT -EP -IMP.2PL
ottoːruŋ v o t: o: r u N ott -oːr -u -ŋ heat -FUT -EP -IMP.2PL
Translation Make smoke, light a fire." Audio play audio
kɨ͡ajɨ͡akpɨt v k 1a j 1a k p 1 t kɨ͡aj -ɨ͡ak -pɨt can -FUT -1PL
Translation When it gets warm, we maybe won't make it. Audio play audio
Translation Somehow it is getting warmer. Audio play audio
karajaːččɨ v k a r a j a: t:S 1 karaj -aːččɨ care.about -PTCP.HAB
Translation Like that we were caring about reindeer. Audio play audio
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